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ieiqhwsk pMny

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pµjwb dy ivdvwnW ny ''pµjwbI swihq smIiKAw borf'' dI Cqr CwieAw hyT ipµf lONgovwl dy pRis`D swihqkwr Aqy ieiqhwskwr igAwnI igAwn isµG jI bwry 1960 eIsvI ivc iek Koj BrpUr pusqk CwpI Aqy lONgovwl ivc ies pusqk n¨µ pµjwb dy is`iKAw qy BwSw mµqrI pµifq Amr nwQ ividAwlMkwr jI ny irlIz kIqw[ ies pusqk ivc 'dul`t' vµS dw ipCvwVw d`sidAW mwlvy dy pRis`D Kojkwr sµq c`krvrqI jI ny iliKAw hY ik dul`t Asl ivc ipRQI rwj cOhwn dy Kwndwn ivcoN hn[

igAwnI igAwn isµG ny vI Awpxy gRµQ 'pµQ pRkwS' dy Aµq ivc AwpxI ku`l dw ipCvwVw id`qw hY[ aunHW Anuswr aunHW dw ip`Cw cOhwn Kwndwn dy pRis`D rwjy ipRQvI rwj cOhwn (rwey ipQOrw) nwl imldw hY[ jdoN 1192 eI: ivc muhµmd gOrI ny qrYx dI lVweI ivc ipRQvI rwj n¨µ igRPqwr kr ilAw qW rwie bIrw qurkW dy h`Q nw AwieAw[ rwie ipQOrw Aqy rwie bIrw do sky Brw sn[ id`lI dw rwj rwie ipQOrw dy ADIn Aqy Awgry dw rwj rwie bIrw dy ADIn sI[ ipRQvI rwj dIAW qurkW nwl s`q lVweIAW hoeIAW[ Cy lVweIAW ivc qW auh ij`qdw irhw Aqy s`qvIN ivc auh kYd ho igAw[ rwie bIrw dy Gr vwlI svrnI ny aus n¨µ qwAnw mwirAw, ''q¨µ mYn¨µ Awpxw qihmq dy Aqy Awp G`grI pw lY[ q¨µ Awpxy BweI n¨µ kYd ivcoN Cufw nhIN sikAw[ mYN aus n¨µ Cufw ky ilAwauNdI hW[''   auh Srm mµn ky qur igAw[ aus pws 1900 svwr sn[ qurdw iPrdw Atk phuµc igAw[ auQy n¨rdIn mlwh ny aus n¨µ d`isAw ik qyrw Brw qW iqµn idn pihlW mwr id`qw igAw hY[ aus dIAW A`KW k`FIAW hoeIAW sn Aqy KUn coNdw jWdw sI[ auh ienHW SokgRsq ho igAw ik muV ky Gr nhIN igAw Aqy sunwm dy lwgy jµglW ivc rihx l`g ipAw[ sunwm dw ksbw gu`jr kOm dI iek rwxI suienw ny Awbwd kIqw sI[ auh rwxI Awpxy pqI dI mOq auprµq rwj Bwg dw swrw kµm bhuq izµmyvwrI nwl inBw rhI sI[ auh bhuq dwnI qy isAwxI AOrq sI[ aus ny rwie bIrw n¨µ Awpxy pws r`K ilAw[ aunHW simAW ivc rwijAW n¨µ Awpxy rwj dI r`iKAw Aqy rwj ivc db-dbw r`Kx leI qkVy zorwvrI krn vwly ivAkqIAW dI loV rihµdI sI[

ipRQvI rwj cOhwn Xwdgwr

svrnI ny rwie bIrw n¨µ swl Br qW aufIikAw[ iPr auh Bwl krn leI 100 svwr lY ky pµjwb v`l qur peI[ sunwm dy jµglW ivc k`sI dy aurly pwsy Qyh 'qy aus dw pqI iml igAw[ rwie bIrw ny aus n¨µ swrI khwxI suxweI[ auh auQy hI jµglW ivc rihx l`g pey[ ieQy hI rwie bIrw dy Gr s`q pu`qr pYdw hoey ijnHW dy nW sUr rwie, Dwr rwie, kYNbo rwie, bn rwie, lONgo rwie, gzwxw rwie Aqy bf Awxw rwie sn[ rwie bIrw AwpxI Adwlq ivc pyS hox vwly mudeI Aqy mu`dw-Alih donW n¨µ lu`t lYNdw[ ies krky hI aus dw nW dolu`t (dohW n¨µ lu`tx vwlw) pY igAw qy hOlI hOlI bdl ky dul`t bx igAw[ kuJ ieiqhwskwrW ny rwie bIrw dy pu`qrW dy nW sUrDwr, kYNboDwr, bxDwr, lONgoDwr rwjw Dwr, rwxI Dwr Aqy bixAwxI Dwr ilKy hn[

bfbr n¨µ jWdy K`by h`Q k`sI qoN aurly pwsy luhAwrI vwly Qyh 'qy rwxIDwr rihµdw sI[ rwjDwr c`TyAwxy dy KyqW vwly Qyh 'qy rihµdw sI[ sUrDwr Awp mwirAw igAw sI[ aus dI rwxI pIrU ky kwky dy KyqW kol rihµdI sI[ kYNboDwr ijQy hux gurduAwrw kYNbovwl hY, auQy rihµdw sI[ bxDwr sUey qoN A`gy hrIdws vwly fyry dy K`by pwsy Qyh 'qy rihµdw sI[ lONgoDwr, ijQy hux Aµdrlw KUh hY auQy aucy it`ly 'qy rihµdw sI Aqy bixAwnI Dwr iJVI ivc rihµdw sI ijQy pihlW vifAwxI p`qI vwly rihµdy sn[

rwxIDwr muslmwnW n¨µ mwrdw hµudw sI[ aus pws bhuq Dn sI Aqy auh KoihAw Dn iek KUh ivc su`tdw rihµdw sI[ AwpxI sYnw n¨µ auh AwKdw sI ik ieh AslI Kzwnw hY, jdoN loV peI k`F lvWgy[

hOlI hOlI ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dy vµS (dul`tW) dI AOlwd pµjwb dy bhuq swry ipµfW ivc PYl geI[ aunHW ivcoN keIAW ny n¨rpur dy rwjy pws jw ky nOkrI kr leI[ 'mweIAw' Aqy 'mwlI' vrigAW ny AwpxI jwq dw nW kwiem r`Kx leI btwly kol dul`t nW dw ipµf vI vswieAw[ bhuq swry dul`t AµimRq Ck ky isµG bx gey[ rwie bIry jW dul`t dy pu`qr poqry vD jwx nwl aunHW ny sunwm dy ielwky ivc keI ipµf vsw ley[ bhuq mShUr kYNbovwl, c`Ty, auplI Aqy lONgovwl hn[

ies qrHW lONgovwl ivc rihx vwly dul`tW dw pirvwrk ipCokV ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dy Kwndwn nwl jw imldw hY[ iesy pirvwr ivcoN hI A`gy SRomxI is`K ShId BweI mnI isµG hoey hn Aqy pRis`D is`K ieiqhwskwr igAwnI igAwn isµG vI iesy pirvwr nwl sbµDq sn[

AOrµgzyb dy kmzor auqr-AiDkwrIAW smyN jdoN mulk ivc bhuq bd-AmnI PYlI Aqy nwdrSwh Aqy AihmdSwh vrgy inrdeI hmlwvrW ny mulk n¨µ lu`t ky brbwd krnw SurU kr id`qw qW dul`tW n¨µ vI bhuq swrw nukswn pu`jw[ aunHW dy keI ipµf au`jV gey[ aunHW dI b`JvIN vsoN KyrUµ KyrUµ ho geI[ lONgovwl vI au`jV igAw[

jdoN Awlw isµG ny Awpxw rwj sQwpq kIqw qW aus dI nzr F`Ty aujVy lONgovwl 'qy peI[ aus ny dul`tW n¨µ ieh purwxw pRis`D ngr muV vswaux leI pRyrnw id`qI[ dul`tW ny sµmq 1806 (1749 eI·) n¨µ lONgovwl muV Awbwd kr ilAw[

ies qrHW ieiqhwsk ngrI Aqy 52 ShIdW dI DrqI lONgovwl dy mu`Fly nwgirkW dul`tW dw ipCokV ipRQvI rwj cOhwn dy Kwndwn nwl sbµDq hY[