ies lyK dw sbMD mhwrwjy dIAW PyrIAW jW XwqrwvW nwl hY jo aus ny drbwr swihb AMimRqsr dy drSn krn/ krwaux leI qy ieSnwn jW dwn leI smyN smyN kIqIAW[ drbwr swihb ivKy kIqw dwn puMn AMimRqsr ivc kIqy dwn qoN vK sI[ XwqrwvW smyN drbwr swihb mQw tykidAW idqy cVHwvy jW ArdwsW dy vyrvy ijs qrHW aumdw Aqy qvwrIK ivc idqy gey hn, nUM hI muK rUp ivc AwDwr bxw ky ienHW dI Dwrimk qy ieiqhwsk mh`qqw smJx dw Xqn kIqw igAw hY[ qvwrIK dy dUjy qy qIjy dPqr dw iesqymwl kIqw igAw[ hW dlIlW dI pRoVHqw leI smkwlI AMgryzI ilKqW dw vI shwrw ilAw igAw hY[ vyrvy 1802 eI qoN surU huMdy hn qy AD ApRYl 1839 qk dy hn[ bySk iek A`Dw vyrvw 1799 eI bwry vI drj imldw hY[

qvwrIK dy ieMdrwzW qoN drbwr swihb dI vD rhI rwjsI mhqqw JlkdI hY[ ies qoN ibnW mhwrwjy dI pqlI pYNdI srIrk AvsQw qy sohn lwl sUrI dI ieiqhwskwrI dy vI drSn huMdy hn[ jwqI Dwrimk SrDw qy ivSvws dy nwl nwl mhwrwjy dIAW rwjsI ieCwvW qy aulJxW krky qyzI nwl igr rhI dyh mihsUs kIqI jw skdI hY[ AMMgryzW dI iqKI idlcspI vI nzr AwaUNdI hY[ audwhrx leI dPqr dUjy qy qIjy dI srsrI qulnw dsdI hY ik 1831 eI ipCoN jW dPqr qIjy ivc Awey vyrvy KulHy qy vDyry ivsiqRq jwxkwrI vwly hn[ XwqrwvW dI igxqI vDdI hY[ swnUM pqw hY ik ieh swl ropV mulwkwq dw sI pr swnUM ieh iDAwn ivc rKxw cwhIdw hY ik iesy vrHy vyf qvwrIK suxdw hY qy sUrI dI qwrIP krdw hY[ ieMJ 1831 qoN bwAd qvwrIK ivc drbwr swihb dw AwieAw vDyry izkr ies gl dw sbUq hY ik AMMgryzW dI idlcspI hrmMdr swihb jI nUM hI nhIN sgoN isK ieiqhwskwrI nUM vI pRBwvq krdI hY[

XwqrwvW dy qvwrIK ivc Awey icqrxW dIAW Anyk vMngIAW hn[ pihlI, lwhOr qy AMimRqsr dIAW ijqW ivckwr Cy swlW dOrwn rxjIq isMG do vwr hrmMdr Awey[ pihlW lwhOr dI ijq dw iPr AMimRqsr dI ijq dw ieSnwn kIqw[ sUrI dy ieMdrwj Aiq sMKyp hn[ byt jW Ardws dI rkm dw izkr nhIN[ ies qoN vK 1805 eI dy AMMq ivc hulkr qy lwrf lyk vwlI Gtnw dw ivsiqRq hvwlw hY[ qvwrIK dsdI hY ik mhwrwjy qy mrwTy srdwr dohW ny drbwr swihb dy drSn kIqy srkwr ny AMMgryzW nwl eykqw qy hulkr dw swQ dyx dw PYsLw gurU gRMQ dI hwzrI ivc do prcIAW pw ky kIqw, hwlWik ies PYsLy dw fyry dy kuJ ivAkqIAW vloN ivroD vI hoieAw[ swnUM pqw hY ik hulkr ny drbwr swihb nkdI Bytw kIqI qy Drm dw vwsqw pwieAw[

dUsrI, 1806 eI dI ieMdrwj hY ik mihqwb kOr dy Gr Syr isMG dyy pYdw hox dI Kbr sux ky srkwr qyz rPqwr GoVy qyy svwr ho ky AMimRqsr jw pujy qy hrmMdr swihb dy drSn krky byhd KuS hoey[ hYnrI ipsMp dw Syr isMG dy jnm bwry ibaUrw APvwh qoN vD mihz pRwpygMfw sI[ ipMsp dw kQn hY ik Syr isMG mhwrwjy dw spuqr nhIN sI[

qIsrw, 1807 qy 1811 eI dy pMj swlW bwry sUrI iPr KwmoS hY[ 1807 nUM mhwrwjy ny mwGI qy ieSnwn zrUr kIqw[ 1808 qy 1809 dy rwjnIqk mhqvpUrn smyN pKoN drbwr swihb bwry qvwrIK cup hY[ cwrls mYtkwP qy hor AMMgryzI lyKk dsdy hn ik kMpnI iks qrHW mhMqW, pujwrIAW AkwlIAW vrgy isK Dwrimk vrgW nUM KuS krn leI srgrm sI[ jonj ny 1808 eI ivc hrmMdr jI dy nOjI pujwrIAW gRMQIAW dI igxqI 500-600 idqI hY[ mYtkwP ny 2600 qoN vD rupey drbwr swihb ivc Krcy[ aus ny gvrnr jrnl nUM iliKAw ik isKW aupr cMgw pRBwv pwaux dw iek qrIkw ieh vI sI[

cOQw, 1812 eI qoN mhwrwjy dIAW XwqrwvW dI igxqI vDdI clI jWdI hY[ Sihjwdy dI SwdI, dIvwlI, mwGI qy qwrwgVH dy iklHy nUM ijq ky rxjIq isMG ny drSn ieSnwn kIqy[ 1813 ivc Atk dI ijq qy 1814 ivc mohkm cMd dy clwxy bwAd vI ieSnwn dw izkr hY[ 1815 ivc Kwlsw joD isMG rwmgVHIAw dy clwxy bwAd ieSnwn hY[ 1815 ivc Kwlsw joD isMG rwmgVHIAw dy clwxy bwAd ieSnwn dw vyrvw vI hY[ 1816 dI eykwdsI qy KVHk isMG nUM rwj iqlk dy drSn ieSnwn krn dw izkr hY[

1817 eI dI ivswKI nUM qy iPr nUrpur iklHy dI Pqih qy ieSnwn kIqy[ Piqh ieSnwn vyly pMj hzwr rupey hrmMdr jI nUM Byt kIqy gey[ pihlI vwr qvwrIK AwKdI hY ik srkwr nUM Aijhy ieSnwn "swry mwlI qy mulkI mwmilAW nwloN vwjb auqm lgdy hn"[ izkrXog hY ik ies vrHy nUM AMgryzI hlky mhwrwjy dI ishq leI shI nhIN mMndy[ ies vrHy auh iksy muihMm qy nhIN inkly[

CyvW 1818 qoN bwAd qvwrIK hrmMdr swihb dy nwl nwl Akwl buMgy dw izkr krdI hY[ pujwrIAW leI dUsrw sbd AkwlI hY[ ies swl mhwrwjy ny cwr vwr Xwqrw kIqI[

s`qvW, 1819 eI dI pihlI PyrI smyN srkwr ny 500 rupey drbwr swihb nUM cVHwvy vjoN qy ieMny hI gRMQ jI nUM Byt kIqy[ dUsrI Xwqrw smyN ieMnI hI rkm drbwr swihb qy AkwlI buMgy cVHweI geI[ qIsrI vwr kSmIr dI ijq qy 1000 rupey drbwr jI qy Akwl buMgy Ardws kIqy gey[

A`TvW, 1820 eI dI ieklI ieMdrwj ivc pihlI vwr mhwrwjy dI ishq dw izkr hY[ ishq sukrwny vjoN aunHW hrmMdr swihb dy drSn kIqy[ 1000 rupey drbwr swihb qy 500 rupey Akwl buMgy qy gRMQ jI nUM Ardws kIqy[

nOvW, 1827 eI nUM rwjw iDAwn isMG ny vyf nUM hrmMdr dy drSn krvwey[ vyf swihb pihlW Akwl buMgy gey qy svw pMj sO rupey dI Ardws krvweI[

dsvW , 1828 eI qoN mhwrwjy dIAW XwqrwvW ivc vwDw huMdw hY[ drbwr swihb dy pUjw sQwn, ijnHW qy auh jWdy hn, vI igxqI ivc vD jWdy hn[ Akwl buMgy nwl JMMfy buMgy dw vI hvwlw surU huMdw hY[ sMgrWd dy ieSnwn vDdy hn[ 1829 eI srkwr pMj vwr drbwr swihb gey[ 1830 ivc qulwdwn kIqw[

1828 eI nUM mhwrwjy ny drbwr swihb ivc Awpxy pRbMDk bdly[ BweI sMq isMG dI QW BweI hrjs rwey dy puqrW BweI rwm isMG qy goibMd rwm nUM inXukq kIqw ikauNik purwxy BweIAW soFIAW qy bydIAW rwhIN dwn puMn kyvl AmIrW qy loVvMdW qy hI Krc huMdw sI, grIbW qk nhIN pujdw sI[

9 julweI, 1831 nUM mhwrwjy ny gRMQ jI qoN iPr puiCAw leI[ qvwrIK gvwh hY ik hulkr vwlw PYsLw vI ieMj hI ilAw igAw sI[ Agsq dy AD ivc mhwrwjy ny Awp AYlgjYNfr brnS nUM hrmMdr swihb dy drSn krvwey[ AkwlIAW qoN ihPwzq zrUrI sI[ ies mOky vfI igxqI ivc lok drbwr swihb AMMdr Aw gry sn[ mhwrwjw keI idn AMimRqsr itky rhy[

1832 eI dIAW PyrIAW do glW kwrn idlcsp hn[ pihlw, Ardws dI rkm ivc ASrPIAW Swml kIqIAW geIAW[ dUjw lokW pRqI mhwrwjw vDyry sMvydnSIl ho gey[ aunHW ivswKI ieSnwn kIqw ikauNik ies mOky lok vfI igxqI ivc iekqr huMdy hn[ iek PyrI dOrwn srkwr ny GMMtw Br gRMQ jI nUM suixAw[ gRMQ jI dI vDdI mhqqw ieMJ vI mhsUs kIqI jw skdI hY ik julweI dI PyrI smyN mhwrwjy ny 125 rupey gRMQ nUM auNJ hI Byt kIqy gey[ ies qoN AMimRqsr dI lokW dI vD rhI mhqqw vI nzr AwauNdI hY, jd nvMbr 1833 eI dI iek PyrI smyN mhwrwjy ny Awpxw suhxy moqIAW dw hwr gRMQ jI nUM mQw tyk idqw[

1835 eI nUM 11,000 rupey hrmMdr dI prkrmw pikAW krn leI Byjy gey[ AkqUbr dI PyrI smyN 500 ASrPIAW son pqry cVHwaux leI Byt kIqIAW[ ies smyN mhwrwjy dy stwP vloN qy Kud srkwr ny Anyk sugwqW gRMQ jI nUM Byt kIqIAW[ ies smyN mhwrwjy dy stwP vloN qy Kud srkwr ny Anyk sugwqW gRMQ jI nUM Byt kIqIAW[ ienHW ivc 100 rumwly qy mhwrwjy dy 2500 rupey nkd sn[ ies vrHy dIvwlI nUM 511 ASrPIAW vI Byt kIqIAW geIAW[

igAwrvW, 1836 eI dy surU ivc AMMgryz mihmwnW ny drbwr sihb dy drSn kIqy[ 1835 eI ivc drbwr swihb dI sjwvt dw ieh vI kwrn sI[ jnvrI ivc srdwr lihxw isMG mjITIAw nUM hukm hoieAw ik bYrn hugl dI PyrI dw auh Awp pRbMD kry qW ik inhMg jW koeI hor Srwrq nw krn[ 1837 eI ivc aunHW pMj vwr drSn ieSnwn kIqy[

bwrHvW, 1838 eI ivc mhwrwjy ny Awpxy jIvn dIAW sB qoN vD PyrIAW drbwr swihb pweIAW[ iek drjn qoN vD vwr Byt ArdwsW kIqIAW geIAW[ jnvrI ApRYl dOrwn sony dy Gvy cVwHey gey[ 1839 dI Bj ns aunHW dy Acwnk AMMq leI izMmyvwr sI[ lwt ny 11,250 rupey drbwr jI nUM Byt kIqy[ ieQy AwklYNf ny dohW srkwrW ivckwr dosqI leI hQ bMnH ky pRwrQnw kIqI[ iPr dovyN srkwrW SukrckIAW buMgy geIAW qy sWJY drSn jnqw nUM idqy[

5 PrvrI, 1839 nUM srdwr lihxw isMG mjITIAw ny iSkvw kIqw ik aus vloN dIpmwlw qy kIqw igAw Krc srkwr ny pUrw nhIN kIqw[ inrsMdyh AwklYNf dI nIqI qy dOrw mhwrwjy leI PzUl boJ vWg sI[ isKW nUM APZwinsqwn iKlwP lVn leI mjbUr kIqw jw irhw sI[

17 dsMbr 1838 qoN 7 mwrc, 1839 qk mhwrwjy vloN drbwr swihb dI Xwqrw dw koeI izkr nhIN[ 8 mwrc nUM aunHW hrmMdr dy drSn kIqy[ 23 mwrc nUM pihlW Awpxy buMgy Aw ky swh ilAw[ Pyr kws ikSqI rwhIN hr kI pwauVI ho ky drbwr swihb gurbwxI suxI qy 525 rupey Ardws krweI[ 250 rupey Akwl buMgy Byt kIqy[ 9 ApRYl nUM BweI gurmuK isMG lwhOr cVHwvw lY ky AwieAw[ qvwrIK dy ieMdrwj AiqAMq sMKyp hn[ khwxI Awpxy AMMq nUM phuMc rhI sI[

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