 do
hzwr iqµn dy nobl purskwr ivjyqw
- pRo·
nv sµgIq isµG
nobl purskwr dy jnmdwqw AlPrY`f
brnhwrf nobl dw jnm svIfn iv`c 1833 iv`c hoieAw sI Aqy idhWq 1896
iv`c[ auh bhuq v`fw ivigAwnI sI[ fwienwmweIt XwnI gn pwaUfr dI Koj
aus ny hI kIqI sI[ fwienwmweIt ny mnu`K dy h`Q iv`c iek bhuq v`fI
SkqI sONp id`qI sI[ ivkws dI vI Aqy nv-inrmwx dI vI[ AlPrY`f ny
bhuq v`fI rkm nwl nobl purskwr PwaUNfySn dI sQwpnw kIqI, ijs nUM
ivhwrk rUp dyx iv`c aus dy idhWq ip`CoN cwr vrHy l`g gey[ nobl
ienwm 1901 qoN id`qy jwxy SurU hoey, XwnI vIhvIN sdI dy AwrµB qoN[
AlPrY`f ny pµj purskwrW dw
pRbµD kIqw sI[ iPizks, kYimsts, fwktrI, swihq Aqy SWqI leI[ sµn
1905 q`k nwrvy vI svIfn dw hI iek rwj sI[ sµn 1905 iv`c svIfn ny
ibnW iksy JgVy qoN nwrvy nUM Awzwd kr id`qw Aqy im`qrqw dy is`ty
vjoN ‘ivSv SWqI' dw purskwr dyx dw kµm nwrvy dI mwnqw pRwpq
pwrlImYNt nUM sONipAw igAw[ Awzwd nwrvy iehdy leI ieCu`k sI[ sµn
1968 iv`c svIfn dy sB qoN v`fy bYNk (rISy bYNk) ny AwpxI qIjI
SqwbdI dy jSn iv`c ‘nobl purskwr PwaUNfySn' nUM ieµnw Dn iek`Tw
dy id`qw, ijs dy ivAwj nwl hr swl ‘ArQ Swsqr ivigAwn' leI aunI
hI rkm ivSv dy iksy pRmu`K ArQ-SwsqrI nUM id`qI jw sky[ bYNk nUM
hux ies sbµD iv`c koeI AiDkwr nhIN hY[ ieh ienwm 1968 qoN dyxw
SurU hoieAw hY[
nobl ienwm hr swl AlPrY`f nobl
dy jnm idn 10 dsµbr 'qy id`qy jWdy hn[ ijvyN ik aupr d`isAw igAw
hY ik SWqI purskwr dw PYslw nwrvy dI pwrlImYNt dy h`Q iv`c hY, jo
iek ivSyS kmyxI bxw ky purskwr ivjYqw dI cox krdI hY[ bwkI pµj
purskwrW iv`coN iPizks Aqy kYimstrI dy purskwrW dw PYslw ‘svIifS
AkwdmI AwP swieµs', fwktrI dw stwkhom dI ‘kYrolweIn mYfIkl
ieµstIicaUt', ArQ-Swsqr dw PwaUNfySn v`loN inXukq iek borf Aqy
swihq leI purskwr ivjyqw dw suJwA stwkhom dI swihq-AkwfmI idµdI
hY[ swl 2003 dy nobl jyq¨AW bwry sµKyp vyrvw ies qrHW hY:
swihq: swihq dw nobl ienwm d`Kx
APrIkw dy pRis`D nwvlkwr jwn mYksvYl koiezI nUM id`qw igAw hY[
koiezI dw jnm 1940 iv`c kyptwaUn ivKy hoieAw[ koiezI ny tYksws
ivKy BwSw ivigAwn dw AiDAYn krn qoN pihlW Awpxw kYrIAr X¨·ky·
iv`c iek ‘kµipaUtr pRogRwmr' dy rUp iv`c SurU kIqw sI[ auh
Aijhw pihlw lyKk hY ijs ny sKq imhnq, iekwgrqw, ivSvws Aqy smrpx
duAwrw do vyr bu`kr pRweIz ij`iqAw hY[ pihlI vwr 1983 iv`c ‘lweIP
AYNf tweImz AwP mweIkl ky' leI Aqy dUjI vwr 1999 iv`c ‘ifsgRys'
leI auh nUM ieh ienwm imilAw sI[ nobl ienwm dy Aµqrgq auh nUM 13
l`K fwlr dI rwSI pRwpq hoeI hY[ auh ny Awpxy nwvlW iv`c d`Kx
APrIkw dI durdSw dw vrxn kIqw hY[ A`T nwvlW Aqy Axigxq lyKW dw
lyKk koiezI d`Kx APrIkI lyKkW iv`coN sRImqI nYifn gorfImr (1991 dI
nobl jyq¨) ip`CoN dUjw Aijhw lyKk hY, ijs nUM ivSv-swihq dw ieh
auqikRSt purskwr imilAw hY[
SWqI: eIrwnI mnu`KI AiDkwrW Aqy
lokqµqr iv`c srgrm sRImqI SIrIn iebwdI nUM 2003 dy nobl SWqI
ienwm nwl snmwnq kIqw igAw hY[ nobl purskwr dy 102 swlw ieiqhws
iv`c ieh pihlw mOkw hY, jdoN iksy musilm AOrq nUM ies srvau`c
ienwm dy Xog smiJAw igAw hY[
ik`qy vjoN vkIl 56 swlw SIrIn
eIrwn iv`c j`j bxn vwlI pihlI AOrq hY[ iebwdI nUM ieh ienwm eIrwn
Aqy ivSv dy hor keI dySW iv`c AOrqW Aqy b`icAW dy AiDkwrW dw smrQn
krn leI id`qw igAw hY[ nwrvy dI nobl kmytI dy GoSxw p`qr iv`c ikhw
hY ik iebwdI ny Awpxy dyS Aqy ies dI sImw qoN bwhr spSt qOr 'qy
idRVHqw nwl AwpxI g`l khI hY[ ies ienwm dy Aµqrgq iebwdI nUM 13
l`K AmrIkI fwlr pRdwn kIqy gey hn[
kYimstrI: AmrIkI ivigAwnIAW
pItr AYgry Aqy rwfirk mYkiknn nUM sWJy qOr 'qy rswiex ivigAn dw
nobl ienwm id`qw igAw hY[ aunHW dI cox koiSkw-iJ`lI Kyqr iv`c
aunHW dy Xogdwn leI kIqI geI hY[ aunHW dI ies Koj nwl gurdy, idl,
mwspySIAW Aqy nwVI dy rogW dy ielwj iv`c mdd imlygI[ pItr qy
rwfirk ny sY`lW dI kwrjpRxwlI dy AwDwrBUq isDWq iv`c Awpxw Xogdwn
id`qw hY[ aunHW ny mwlIikaUlr mSInW dy AdBu`q pirvwr nwl swfI
pihcwx krvweI hY[ ienHW dIAW KojW qoN ieh pqw l`igAw hY ik pwxI
Aqy nmr ikvyN srIr dIAW koiSkwrW dy Aµdr jWdy hn[ audwhrx leI
aunHW ny ieh vI drswieAw ik ikvyN ijgr pihlW ipSwb qoN pwxI hwsl
krdw hY Aqy iks qrHW ibjleI qrµgW PYlwE krdIAW hn[ ienHW dohW
ivigAwnIAW nUM 10 l`K kRonr (13 l`K AmrIkI fwlr) dI ienwmI rkm
v`fI geI hY[
54 swlw AYgry, jwn hwpiknz
X¨nIvristI sk¨l AwP mYfIsn, bwltImor (myrIlYNf) ivKy Aqy 47 swlw
mYkiknn, inaU Xwrk dI hwvrf ihaUijz mYfIkl ieµstIicaUt AwP
rwkPYlr X¨nIvristI ivKy kwrjSIl hn[
iPizks: BOiqk-ivigAwn leI ies
swl dw nobl ienwm iqµn ivigAwnIAW nUM id`qw igAw hY[ ieh hn : rUs
dy vweItlI ignzbrg Aqy AlYksI Aibrkosov Aqy ibRtyn dy AYtonI jy·
lYgY`t[ ienHW swry ivigAwnIAW nUM BOiqkI dy Aµqrgq kuAWtm,
Aiqcwilkqw Aqy au`c-qrlqw sbµDI aunHW dI Koj leI ieh purskwr
id`qw igAw hY[ ienHW ivigAwnIAW nUM purskwr dy Aµqrgq id`qI jwx
vwlI 10·3 l`K AmrIkI fwlrW dI rkm brwbr vµf id`qI geI hY[
ieknwimks: AmrIkI ArQ-SwsqrI
rwbrt AYP· AYNjl Aqy ibRtyn dy klweIv fblX¨·jy· gRYNgr nUM ieh
ienwm sWJy qOr 'qy id`qw igAw hY[ ‘AwrQk smW lVI' dy ivSlySx dy
aunHW dy kwrj leI ieh ienwm id`qw igAw hY[ dohW dI Koj ny
ArQ-SwsqrIAW nUM inrDwirq smyN dOrwn AwriQk ivkws, ivAwj drW jW
kImqW vrgy sUckW dy ivSlySx dIAW nvIAW ivDIAW pyS kIqIAW hn[ 60
swlw AYNjl inaU Xwrk X¨nIvristI ivKy Aqy 69 swlw gRYNgr syn
ifAwgo X¨nIvristI ivKy AiDAwpn dw kwrj inBwA rhy hn[
mYfIsn: fwktrI dw nobl purskwr
AmrIkI ivigAwnI fw· pwl sI·loqyrbr Aqy ibRtyn dy sr pItr
mYtsPIlf nUM aunHW dIAW KojW (cuµbkI pRqIDunI) leI sWJy qOr 'qy
id`qw igAw hY[ ienHW ivigAwnIAW ny ‘mYgnYitk rYzonYNs iemyijµg'
(AYm·Awr·AweI·) nwmk iek AijhI qknIk ivkisq kIqI hY, ijs iv`c
mnu`K dy Aµdrly AµgW dy iqµn-ivmwv (QRI fwiemYnSnl) ic`qr pRwpq
ho skxgy[ ies nwl AprySn qoN pihlW srIr dy AµdrUnI BwgW dI
jwxkwrI lYx dI idSw iv`c G`t drd hovygw Aqy izAwdw jwxkwrI iml
skygI[
fw· loqyrbr X¨nIvristI AwP
ie`lInoies ivKy Aqy sr mYnsPIlf ieµglYNf dI X¨nIvristI AwP
noitµgm ivKy kwrjSIl hn[ fw· loqyrbr (iPzIkl kYimst) ny 1973
iv`c ies qknIk bwry stonI bruk dI styt X¨nIvristI AwP inaU Xwrk
ivKy Awpxw inrxYjnk prcw pyS kIqw sI[ mYnsPIlf ny iesy sµklp nUM
pYRktIkl XQwrQ vjoN jwmw pihnwieAw sI[
ieauN 2003 dy nobl jyq¨AW iv`c
4 AmrIkI, 3 brqwnvI, 2 rUsI Aqy 1-1 d`Kx APrIkI Aqy ierwnI SKsIAqW
smyq ku`l 11 ivAkqI ivBUiSq hoey hn[ |
