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Apxy audyS qoN Btk gey AkwlI
- hrbIr isMG BMvr

AkwlI dl AkwlIAW dI isAwsI j`QybMdI dw nW hY[ " AkwlI" Sbd dw ArQ hY auh ivAkqI jo Apxy Awp nUM Akwl prK dI prjw smJdw hovy[ pRis`D is`K ivdvwn fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr Anuswr is`K j`QybMdI SRomxI AkwlI dl vwsqy ieh Sbd ies dy jnm qoN 7 mhIny pihlW iek lihr vjoN kwiem hoey mwhOl ivcoN suqy-is`D juV igA sI[ jdoN 21 meI 1920 dy idn lwhOr qoN pMjwbI A^bwr "AkwlI" SuUrU hoieAw qW sMjIdw is`K AwgUAW, kwrkunW qy pMQk soc rKx vwlyy ivdvwnW dw iek bhuq v`fw ih`sw ies A^bwr nwl juV igAw Aqy ies dy nwl hI iek BweIcwry vjoN iek`Tw ho igAw[

ies mwhOl ny gurduAwrw suDwr lihr nUM jnm idqw[ ieh lihr CyqI hI AkwlI lihr AKvwaux lg peI[

is`K-pMQ dI syvw leI sRI Akwl q^q swihb dy hzUr 14 dsMbr 1920 nUM sQwpq kIqw igAw AkwlI dl Aj iek gMBIr sMkt coN guzr irhw hY[ AkwlIAW vloN "mYN mrW pMQ jIvy" dI QW Apxy sOVy rwjsI ihqw leI " mYN jIvW pMQ … " dI pwilsI dI pwlxw kwrn AnykW DiVAW ivc vMifAw hooieAw hY [ " srbq dy Bly" jW pMQ dI syvw krn dI QW swrw zor ivroDI D`iVAW ivruD BMfI prcwr Aqy Apxy DVy nUM " AslI AkwlI dl" swbq krn qy ligAw hoieAw hY[ dr Asl hr AkwlI DVW Apxy audyS qy inSwny qoN B`tk igAw hY[ iesy AwpsI lVweI kwrn kWgrs pMj swl leI s`qw ivc Aw geI hY[ mOjUdw sMkt leI AkwlI ^ud zumyvwr hn[ AkwlI dl dI sQwpnw dy kI audyS sn Aqy aus smyN AkwlIAw dw cirqr ikho ijhw sI, ies leI ies dy ipCokV vl Jwq mwrnI pey gI[

AkwlI dl dw jnm gurduAwrw suDwr lihr coN hoieAw, ijs dw aus smyN muK adyuyS ieiqhwisk gurduAwry AMgryz srkwr dI m`dd pRwpq vwly mhMqW qoN Awzwd krvwauxw sI[ ies lMby sMG`rS ivc 12 AkqUbr 1920 nUM BweI mihqwb isMG bIr dI AgvweI ivc sMgqW ny sRI drbwr swihb qy sRI Akwl q^q swihb nUM Awzwd krvwieAw (BweI mihqwb isMG mOlvI krIm b^S, jo bkwrpur, jwlMDr ivKy 14 jUn 1903 nUM AiMmRq C`k ky isMG sj ky lKbIr isMG bx gey sn, dy sp`uqr sn qy aunHW dw pihlw nW rukn dIn sI)[ sMgq ny donW pwvn AsQwxW dI syvw sMBwl ky BweI qyjw isMG Bu`cr nUM sRI Akwl q^q swihb dw j`Qydwr Qwp idqw[ gurDwmW dy gurmiq mrXwdw Anuswr pRbMD clwaux leI iek kmytI dI cox krn leI iek hukmnwmw jwrI krky 15 nvMbr nUM iek pMQk ie`kT bulw ilAw igAw[ aus hukmnwmy dw mzmUn ieh sI:

"sMmUh Kwlsw jI pRqI iv`dq hovy ik pihlI m`Gr sMmq nwnkSwhI 451 mqwibk 15 nvMbr 1920 nUM idn dy 9 vjy iek mhwn pMQk iek`T Akwl q^q swihb swhmxy hovy gw, ijs ivc drbwr swihb AMimRqsr Aqy sMMmUh gurduAwirAW Awidk dy ieMqzwm vwsqy, fUMGI ivcwr kr ky, iek numwieMdw pMQk kmytI cuxI jwvy gI[ ies leI srb`q gurU q^qW, gurduAwirAW, Kwlsw j`iQAW, is`K pltxW, irAwsqI is`K PojW hyT ilKI Dwrnw vwly isMG, hyT ilKI ivauNq muqwibk cux ky Byjx:

numwieMdy dI DwrnW : 1- AMimRqDwrI hovy, 2-pMj bwxIAW dw nymI hovy, 3-pMj-k`kwr dw rihqvwn hovy, 4-AMiMmRq vyly (pihr rwq) auTx vwlw hovy, 5- dsvMD dyx vwlw hovy[

numwieMidAW dI cox dI ivauNq: 1-hr q^q vloN 5-5, 2-gurduAwirAW vloN 1-1, 3-Kwlsw j`iQAw vloN sO ip`Cy 5 dy ihswb nwl, 4-skUlW kwljW vloN 6, pRbMDk kmytIAW vloN 6, ausqwdW ivcoN 8, ividAwrQIAW ivcoN 7:; 5-is`K irAwsqW vloN 5-5, 6- is`K irswilAW vloN 2-2, 7-is`K pltnw vloN 2-2 ; 8-pUrI pltn hovy qW 5-5, 9- inhMg isMGW dy j`iQAW vloN 100 ip`Cy 5 dy ihswb nwl[

ies kmytI dw PYslw sMmUh is`K sMgq ivc suxwieAw jwey gw, ijs ivc guru-Gr dy srb`q SrDwlU Swiml ho skdy hn[ so swry pRymI ikrpw kr ky drSn dyx["

pMQk iek`qRqw insicq sQwn qy smyN auqy hoeI qy sMmUh sMgq ny 175 AMimRqDwrI qy rihqvwn isMGW dI pRbMDk kmytI cux leI ijs nuM SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMdk kmytI dw nWA idqw igAw[ srdwr suMdr isMG mjITIey nUM pihly pRDwn cuxy jwx dw mwn pRwpq hoieAw[ ies iek`qRqw qoN sp`St hY ik pMQ dy hr vrg nUM numwieMdgI idqI geI [

Biv`K dy hwlwq nUM BWpidAW, sMGrS jwrI rKx qy is`K-pMQ dy ih`qW dI riKAw krn vwsqy iek hor pMQk jQybMdI "gurduAwrw syvk dl " sQwpq krn dy ivcwr nwl 14 dsMbr 1920 nUM sRI Akwl qKq swihb dy hzUr iek hor pMQk iek`T bulwieAw igAw[ ies iekq`Rqw ivc Awm sMgqW dw ivcwr sI ik gurduAwrw suDwr ivc ih`sw lYx vwilAW nuM AkwlI ikhw jWdw hY, ies leI nvI j`QybMdI dw nWA " AkwlI dl" riKAw jwey, so aus idn AkwlI dl sQwpq kIqw igAw, BweI srmuK isMG Jbwl pihly pRDwn cuxy gey[ ies AkwlI dl ny 29 mwrc 1922 dy idn Apxy CyvyN mqy Anuswr ies jQybMdI dw nWA SRomxI AkwlI dl rK ilAw[ AkwlI dl ny do nukwqI pRogrwm dw AYlwn kIqw jo ies qrHw hY: 1- swry AkwlI j`iQAW nUM iek`Ty kr ky pMQ dI syvw krnI, 2-gurduAwirAW dI syvw vwsqy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy hukm auqy Aml krnw[

mhMqW qoN gurduAwry Awzwd krvwaux leI keI morcy lgy, swky vrqy, purAmn AkwlIAW qy puils dIAW fwgw vrHIAW, golIAw clIAW, ShIdIAW hoeIAW[ Anumwn hY ik lgpg 500 isMG ShId hoey, hzwrW AMghIn ho ky nkwrw hoey, qIh hzwr ny kwl koTVIAW dIAW muS`kqW JlIAW, aus ssqy zmwny ivc 15 l`K rupY dy jurmwny Bry Aqy hzwrW is`KW nUM srkwrI AhuidAW qoN pRwpq pYnSnw qoN h`Q doxy pey[ (ies lyKk dy dwdw, ipqw, qwieAw qy mwmw ny ies lihr ivc jylH k`tI)[ Aw^r is`KW dw is`dk rMg ilAwieAw qy AMgryz srkwr nUM ipCy htxw ipAw[ gvrnr pMjwb ny 21 jnvrI 1925 nUM gurduAwrw ibl dw KrVw pRkwiSq kr ky qslIm kIqw ik pMjwb dy ieiqhwisk gurduAwirAw dw pRbMD dw AiDkwr pMjwb ivc vsdy is``KW ivc inhq hY ( SRomxI kmytI nuM vI iesy qrHw pRswivq srb ihMd gurduAwrw ibl dw KrVw gurduAwrw gzt, gurmiq pRkwS qy pRmuK pMjwbI A^bwrW ivc Cpvwauxw cwhIdw hY, qW jo is~K sMsQwvW, isMG sBwvW, ivdvwn ApxI rwey dy skx)[ AkwlI dl qy SRomxI kmytI ny Akwl q^q swihb dy hzUr 27 AprYl 1925 nUM iek iek`qRqw kr ky ieh iqMn qrmImW kr ky ies nUM prvwn kr ilAw:

1. sRI Akwl q^q swihb qy q^q sRI kySgVH swihb vI SRomxI kmytI kol rihx,
2. is`K bIbIAW nUM vot pwaux dw pUrw AiDkwr hovy, Aqy
3. gurduAwirAw dI Awmdn Drm, ividAw qy dwn leI Krc hovy[

ies qrHw is`K AOrq pihlI ihMdusqwnI AOrq hY ijs nUM vot pwaux dw AiDkwr imilAw[ ieh ibl 9 julweI nUM pws hoieAw qy pihlI nvMbr 1925 qo NlwgU hoieAw[ vIhvIN sdI ivc is`KW dI ieh sB qoN v`fI pRwpqI hY[ ieh AkwlIAW dy mhwn cirqr qy kurbwnI dI dwsqwn hY[ ieh vI iek hkIkq hY ik pMQ qy pMjwb dy ih`qW leI kyvl qy kyvl AkwlIAw ny hI jdo jihd kIqI hY[

ieiqhwisk gurduAwry Awzwd krvw ky is`Kw ny dyS dI AwzwdI ivc v`D cVH ky ih`sw ilAw, jylW BrIAw, PwsIAw dy r`sy cMum ky ShIdIAW pweIAW[ AkwlI dl ny dyS-vMf dI f`t ky ivroDqw kIqI, pr kwgrs dy bu`Fy ho rhy lIfrW vloN hkUmq sMBwlx dI kwhlI (ik ikqy ibnw rwj kIqy hI nw mr jweIey ) ny vMf rokx leI suihrd qy gMBIr Xqn nw kIqy[ is`Kw ny ApxI AwbwdI dy ihswb nwl AwzwdI dI lVweI ivc sB qoN v`D ih`sw pwieAw, dys-vMf kwrn sB qoN v`D nukswn vI aunHw dw hI hoieAw[ AwzwdI imlx auprMq Bwsw dy AwDwr qy pMjwbI sUby dI sQwpqI leI vI AkwlI dl ny hI sMG`rS kIqw, BwvyN ik lMgVw sUbw hI imilAw[ sRImqI ieMdrw gWDI vloN 25 jUn 1975 nUM dyS ivc AYmrjYNsI ivruD 19 mhIny AkwlI dl ny hI morcw clwieAw[ sUibAW nUM v`D AiDkwr dyx leI AwnMdpur swihb mqw lwgU krn leI vI Drm Xu`D morcw lgwieAw, jo sPlqw pUrbk cl irhw sI pr sRImqI gWDI ny sRI drbwr swihb qy qopw tYkW nwl lYs PojI hmlw kr ky kucl idqw[

pMjwbI sUby dI sQwpqI ipCoN AkwlI dl ies sUby ivc iek SkqIswlI pwrtI bx ky auBirAw qy 1967, 1969, 1977, 1985 qy 1997 ivc Bwjpw (pihlW jn sMG) nwl iml ky srkwr bxweI, 1985 ivc inrol AkwlI srkwr bxI sI[ AkwlI rwjsI qOr qy isAwxy Aqy dUrdrSI isAwsqdwn qy cMgy pRSwsk nhI hn[ aunHw bwry mShUr hY ik ApxI srkwr bxw lYNdyy hn, pr clw nhI skdy, Awps ivc lV ky ApxI srkwr qoV lYNdy jW quVvw lYNdy hn[ pihLI vwrI pRkwS isMG bwdl ny pMj swl pUry kIqy hn, pr ies srkwr dy mMqrIAW ny iBRStwcwr dy swry rIkwrf mwq pw idqy ijs dI crcw swry Bwrq qy ivdySW ivc ijQy vI pMjwbI rihMdy hn, ho rhI hY[ kYptn srkwr dy AwKx Anuswr ^ud sRI bwdl iksy smyN vI jylH dI hvw Kwx jw skdy hn[ ies AkwlI srkwr dOrwn vI SRI bwdl qy j`Qydwr gurcrn isMG tOhVw dI lVweI hoeI, pr sRI bwdl muK mMqrI hox dy nwl AkwlI dl dw pRDwn hox kr ky, Aqy kyNdr ivc aunHW dI im`qr srkwr hox kr ky jQydwr tOhVw nUM KufylweIn lgwaux ivc sPl rhy, Bwvy sqMbr 1999 dIAw lok sBw coxW qy PrvrI 2002 dIAW ivDwn sBw coxw smyN iesy lVweI kwrn aunHw nUM BwrI kImq cukwauxI peI[ hux iPr donW ny eykqw kr leI hY jW eykqw krn leI mjbUr ho gey hn[ bwdl Apxy pu`qr suKbIr isMG bwdl smyq ApxI AwmdnI qoN v`D jwiedwd bxwaux dy kys ivc igRPqwr ho ky zmwnq 'qy bwhr Awey hn[ pihlI vwrI AkwlI dl ny iBRstwcwr dy kysW ivc igR&qwr hoey Apxy lIfr dI ihmwieq ivc "rsqw roko" pRogrwm qy " jbr ivroDI lok lihr" vrgy pRogrwm idqy hn[

jdoN qoN AkwlI hkUmq krn dy nSy ivc glqwn hoey hn, auh Apxy AwrdSW, audySw qy inSwiNnAw qoN Btk gey hn[ Aj iek vI AkwlI lIfr 1920ivAW dy AkwlI lIfrW vrgw nhI hY[ auh ApxI sOVI rwjnIqI leI Drm dI vrqoN krn lgy hn, srbq dy Bly dI Qw Apxw Blw locx lgy hn, pMQ qy pMjwb dI syvw dI QW Apxy pirvwr qy BweI BqIjwvwd ivc glqn hn, ivroDI AkwlI DiVAw nUUM NnIvW krn qy aunHW ivruD GtIAw BMfI prcwr krn , kurupSn dy swry rIkwrf mwq pw idqy hn[ isK-pMQ dI pRqIin`D j`QybMdI dw dwAvw krn vwly AkwlIAw ny is`K Drm qy Awm isKW dw bhuq nukswn kIqw hY, auh vI AkwlI srkwr smy, aus dI BrpweI hoxI muSkl hY[ ies durdSw leI swry hI AkwlI lIfr zumyvwr hn, koeI v`D qy koeI Gt[

is`MK isDwqW, sMsQwvW, mrXwdw qy SKSIAqw dw ijqnw Gwx ipCly pMj swlW ivc sRI bwdl dI srkwr ny kIqw hY, auh hor iksy srkwr ny nhI kIqw[

sRI bwdl ny AkwlI, Akwl q^q swihb qy SRomxI kmytI nUM ApxI jwgIr smJ riKAw hY[ sRImqI gWDI ny sRI Akwl q^q swihb dI iemwrq Fih FyrI kIqI sI, sRI bwdl ny sRI Akwl q^q swihb dI ivcwrDwrw nUM Fih FyrI kIqw hY, Akwl q^q swihb dy j`Qydwrw nUM iek klrk vwgUU muAql jW brKwsq kIqw, ijhVy j`Qydwr aus dy drbwrI bx ky hwzrIAW Brdy rhy qy aunHW dy sohly gwaUdy rhy, auh ibrwjmwn rhy, ieQoN qk ApxI nUHMh dI BydBrI mOq ivc kiQq doSI nUM vI bcwaux dw hr sMBv Xqn kIqw, srkt hwaUs ivc bYT ky j`QydwrW dIAw inXukqIAw huMdIAw rhIAw, is`K mrXwdw ivc kuVImwr nuM pMQ coN CyikAw jWdw hY, pr ApxI hI bytI dI BydBrI mOq ivc kiQq doSI nUM bcwaux dw hI Xqn nhI kIqw, sgoN SRomxI kmytI dI pRDwngI dy au`c Ahudy qy itky rihx idqw[ ijs iksy ny zrw vI ivroDI sur AlwpI aus nUM mKx coN vwl vWgU bwhr k~F suitAw[ ienHw ivc swbkw ividAw mMqrI suKijMdr isMG, j`Qydwr kuldIp isMG vfwlw, pRym isMG lwlpurw, j`Qydwr tOhVw qy jQydwr jgdyv isMG qlvMfI dI imswl swfy swhmxy hY[

Aj dy sMkt coN auhI AkwlI dl bc ky inkl sky gw jo 1920 vwly isDWqW dI pwlxw kry gw qy is~K-pMQ qy pMjwb dI syvw nUM pihl dyvygw[ AwpsI haumY C`f ky aunHW nUM lokW dy msilAW vl iDAwn dyxw pey gw,pwrtI ivc AnuSwSn bxweI rKxw hoey gw,kunbwprvrI qy BweI-BqIjwvwd dI QW Awm vrkrW vl iDAwn dyxw pey gw[