isMG sBw lihr dy ku`J ivSyS p`^
- jiqMdr pUUUUUnIAW

pMjwb dy Dwrimk Aqy smwj suDwrk AMdolnW ivcoN isMG sBw AMdoln iek m`hqvpUrx AMdoln sI[ ies AMdoln dI iek mu`^ ivSySqw ieh sI ik iesdw sMgTn lokqMqrI isDWq Anuswr kIqw igAw sI[ isMG sBw lihr dI nINh 1873 eI: iv`c (guru ky bwg) AimRMqsr ivKy r`KI geI sI[ ies lihr ny is`KW iv`c iek nvW auqSwh pYdw kIqw[ ies leI iesnUM is`K ieiqhws iv`c iek m`hqvpUrx moV mMinAw jWdw hY[

lihr dI auqpqI dy kwrn

ies lihr dI auqpqI dy keI kwrn sn[ 19vIN sdI iv`c is`K qrWH-qrWH dy vihmW-BrmW qy ivSvws krn l`g pey sn ijs kwrn Drm iv`c suDwr dI loV mihsUs kIqI geI[ pMjwb nUM AMgryzI rwj iv`c qoN bwAd eIsweI Drm zor PVn l`gw[ bhuq swry is`K vI ies Drm dy pRBwv hyT Aw gey[ ijs kwrn is~K m`q dI r`iKAw leI jrUrI kdm auTwaux bwry soicAw jwx l`gw[ AMgryzI hkUmq ny pMiMfq SrDw rwm iPlOrI nMU is`KW dw ieiqhws ilKx dw kwrj sONipAw[ pMifq SrDw rwm dy is`K Drm bwry ivcwr cMgy nhIN sn[ ausny keI BwSWvW iv`c is`K gurUAW Aqy is`K gMRQW dI krVy SbdW iv`c inMdw kIqI[ is`K iesnUM brdwSq nw kr sky Aqy Drm dI r`iKAw leI ivcwr-vtWdrw krn leI AimRMqsr iv`c ku`J pRis`D mwxXog is`KW ny mIitMg kIqI[ ie`Qy hI isMG sBw dI sQwpnw dw PYslw hoieAw[

mu`F ik`QoN b`Jw ?

isMG sBw lihr dw jnm Asl iv`c julweI 1873 iv`c hI b`J igAw sI[ 1873 eI: dy AwrMB iv`c AimRMqsr imSn dy cwr is`K ividAwrQI Aqr isMG, sMqoK isMG, swDU isMG Aqy AwieAw isMG ny eIsweI m`q dy pRBwv hyT eIsweI bxn dI ie`Cw zwihr kIqI[ jd is~KW nUM ies g`l dw pqw l`gw qW auh bhuq duKI hoey[ vkq isr pqw l`g jwx kwrn muKI is`KW ny aunWH ividAwrQIAW nUM bVI muSkl nwl smJw buJw ky eIsweI bxn qoN rok ilAw[ aus qoN bwAd pMifq SrDw rwm iPlOrI ny is`K Drm ivroDI BwSx dy ky zKmW qy lux iCVkx dw kMm kIqw[ auhnW dw pRcwr zor PV igAw[ ies qy ku`J isMGW rL pMifq jI dy nwsqk mqy qy gurmiq inMdw dy pRSnW dy auqr dyxy SurU kIqy qW pMifq horIN mYdwn C`f ky c`ldy bxy[ iehnW s`jxW dy au`dm, kMm qy pRym nwl sMgq dI jwg Ku`lHI[

isMG sBw dI sQwpnw

isMG sBw dI sQwpnw 1873 eI: iv`c AimMRqsr ivKy hoeI[ 1 AkqUbr 1873 eI: iv`c dusihry dy idn mMjI swihb nwmI AsQwn qy isMG sBw dy audGwtn leI ie`k sBw bulweI geI[ ies iv`c is`K pujwrIAW, gRMQIAW, igAwnIAW, mhMqW Aqy ku`J mMny-pRmMny srdwrW ny Bwg ilAw[

inXm

ku`J bihs mgroN isMG sBw dy kMm kwj nUM TIk FMg nwl clwaux leI inXm bxwey gey[ sUby dy swry BwgW iv`coN isMG sBw dy mYNbr bx skdy sn[ ausnMU sBw v`lH v&wdwr hox Aqy is`K sMprdw dI syvw krn dI shuM vI KwxIN pYNdI sI[ hr mYNbr leI zrUrI sI ik auh is`K m`q Aqy gurUAW dy aupdySW qy ivSvwS r`Kdw hovy[ ausnMU hr mhIny ku`J cMdw vI dyxw pYNdw sI[ SurU iv`c AimMRqsr isMG sBw dy mYNbrW dI ku`l igxqI 95 sI jo bwAd v`DdI geI[ ies qoN ielwvw inXm ieh sn:

1 is`K Drm dy inXmW nMU pRgt krnw 'qy QW-QW 'qy ies SRySt Drm dw pRcwr krnw[

2 ijnHW poQIAW ikqwbW iv`c ies Drm dI vifAweI pweI jWdI hY aunHW nMU Cpvw ky pRgt krnw[

3 sMpRdwie bwxI nMU pRgt krnw Aqy aunHW qrIKW qy mzhbI poQIAW nMU ijvyN jnm swKI Aqy guru pRxwlI Awid ijnHW iv`c iksy qrHW dw ku`J sMsw hY AsloN kFw ky A`gw ip`Cw vyK ky Su`D krnw[

4 iksy dUjy mq dy ivr`uD kihxw, bolxw AQvw ilKxW sRI guru isMG sBw dw kMm nhIN[

5 sRI guru isMG sBw iv`c koeI g`l srkwr dy ivr`uD nhIN kIqI jwvygI[

6 pMjwbI zubwn duAwrw ielm murvz dI aun`qI krnI Aqy ies audyS nwl A^bwrW qy rswly k`Fxy[

7 jo Drm is`K Drm dy ivroDI hn jW ijnHW ies Drm dy ivru`D ikhw, suixAw jo lok is`K qKq qoN Kwirj hn jW jo lok srkwr dy v`D nzdIk hn, isMG sBw dy mYNbr nhIMN bx skdy pr jd ienHW iv`coN koeI ipClI kIqI qoN qn^wh luAwvy qy A`gy vwsqy sBw dI rwie ho jwvy qW iml skdy hn[

8 v`fy mrqby vwly bhwdr ividAw SwK dy mYNbr bx skdy hn[ jd p`kI qrHW mwlUm ho jwvy ik ku`J lok jo hr Drm nwl sMbMD r~Kdy hn auh is`K Drm qy pMjwbI zubwn dy ^Yr ^vwh hn, auh isMG sBw dy mYNbr bx skdy hn[

9 ^Yr ^vwhI kOm PrmWbrdwrI, srkwrI is`K Drm nwl ipAwr Aqy qr`kI krnw Awid[
ieh inXmwvlI isMG sBw lihr dy AMq q`k cldI rhI[

audyS

isMG sBw dy mu`K audyS ieh sn:

1 is`K Drm dI piv`qrqw nUM muV surjIq krnw[

2 is`K Drm Aqy ieiqhws sMbMDI pusqkW ilKwauxIAW Aqy pRkwiSq krvwauxIAW[

3 is`K Drm C`f dyx vwiLAW nUM ies Drm iv`c vwips ilAwauxw[

4 pMjwbI BwSw iv`c igAwn dw pRcwr krnw Aqy pMjwbI BwSw iv`c smwcwr p`qrW Aqy p`qrkwvW jwrI krnW[

5 au`c vrg dy lokW nMU (AMgryzW nMU) is`KW dy is`iKAw sMbMDI pRogrwmW qoN jwxMU krvwauxw Aqy aunHW dw sihXog pRwpq krnw[

isMG sBw lihr kmytI

isMG sBw dI kwrj pwilkw kmytI huMdI sI[ ies kmytI iv`c iek pRDwn, sk`qr Aqy ku`J hor mYNbr huMdy sn[ ku`J dyr bwAd pRDwn Aqy sk`qr dy ielwvw mIq pRDwn, shwiek sk`qr, igAwnI aupdySk KzwncI Aqy lwiebRyrIAn nMU vI kwrj pwilkw dy AhudydwrW dy rUp iv`c cuixAw jwx l`gw[ AimMRqsr iv`c isMG sBw dy pRDwn s: Twkr isMG sMDwvwlIAw Aqy pihly sk`qr igAwnI igAwn isMG sn[

ivkws

AimMRqsr isMG sBw dI sQwpnw qoN bwAd iesdI s&lqw qoN auqSwihq huMdy hoey is`KW ny hOlI-hOlI pMjwb dy v`K-v`K BwgW iv`c bhuq swrIAW isMG sBwvW sQwipq kr id`iqAW[ lwhOr ivKy isMG sBw dI sQwpnw 1879 eI: iv`c hoeI, ijsdw ishrw pRo: BweI gurmuK isMG dy isr hY[

BweI gurmuK isMG horW dw jnm 1849 eI: nUM grIb mwipAW dy Gr kpUrQlw ivKy hoieAw[ aunHW dy ipqw bswvw isMG kpUrQlw dy rwjw inhwl isMG dy lWgrI sn[ rwjw inhwl isMG dI mOq ipCoN bswvw isMG ny kMvr ibkrmjIq isMG dy Gr nOkrI kr leI[ kMvr ny hI bwlk gurmuK dI iv`idAw dw auic`q pRbMD kIqw [ v`fw hox qy gurmuK isMG ny is`K Drm iv`c suDwr krn dy Xqn AwrMB kr id`qy[ aunHW dy XqnW sdkw hI lwhOr ErIAYNtl kwlj iv`c pMjwbI BwSw ivSy dy rUp iv`c cwlU kIqI geI Aqy auh Awp pMjwbI BwSw dy AiDAwpk inXukq hoey[ aunHW ny AimMRqsr Aqy kMvr ibkrmjIq isMG dI vfmu`lI shwieqw kIqI[ 1879 eI: iv`c aunHW ny AwpxI hI AZvweI ADIn lwhOr isMG sBw dI sQwpnw kIqI[ pMjwb lYPtInYNt gvrnr sr rwbrt Aygrtn nUM ies sBw dw srpRsq bxwieAw igAw[ 1880 eI: iv`c gurmuK isMG ny gurmuKI A^bwr ividAwcwrk pMjwb 1880 eI: rswlw suDwrk 1886 eI: Aqy Kwlsw Zzt 1886 eI: pRkwiSq krky AwrMB kIqy[ ies qoN ibnW iek hor p`qr 1895 eI: iv`c isMG sBw lwhOr vloN k`iFAw igAw[

ies qoN ibnw aunHW ny pMjwb dy v`K-v`K BwgW dI Xwqrw kIqI[ aunHW dy XqnW dy is`ty vjoN pRWq dy bhuq swry ngrW Aqy is`K mq dy kyNdrI AsQwnW ivKy isMG sBwvW kwiem ho geIAW[ ku`J hI virHAW bwAd isMG sBwvW dI igxqI 36-37 q`k pu`j geI[ AimRMqsr isMG sBw Aqy lwhOr isMG sBw dI AwpsI Pu`t kwrn isMG sBw lihr dI qr`kI iv`c ku`J rukwvt Aw geI[ 1902 eI: iv`c cIP Kwlsw dIvwn dI sQwpnw nwl isMG sBwvW dI ies kyNdrI sMsQw ADIn eykqw sQwpq ho geI[ AMq isMG sBw lihr dy ivkws keI muV rwh Ku`lH igAw[ 1920 eI: q`k isMG sBwvW dI igxqI 105 q`k pu`j geI[

sPlqwvW

smwijk Kyqr iv`c: isMG sBw ny smwijk Kyqr iv`c keI Aihm kMm kIqy[ ies AMdoln dy pRcwrkW ny CUAw-Cwq, jwqI pRQw Aqy dUjIAW burweIAW dw KMfn krky smwijk eykqw dw pRcwr kIqw[ lwhOr isMG sBw iv`c bhuq swry m`D SRyxI Aqy nIvIAW jwqIAW dy lok Swml hoey[ AimRMqsr isMG sBw hrmn ipAwrI sMsQw nw bx skI Aqy lwhOr isMG sBw dI lok ipRAqw v`DdI geI[ isMG sBw dy XqnW dy PlsrUp pMjwb dy keI ngrW iv`c hspqwl KolyH gey ij`Qy grIb rogIAW dw mu&q ielwj kIqw jWdw sI[ pMQ dy XqIm b`icAW dy pwlx-poSx leI gujrWvwlw Aqy dUjy SihrW iv`c XqImKwny KolyH gey[ AimRMqsr iv`c s: suMdr isMG mjITIAw ny kyNdrI Kwlsw XqImKwnw sQwipq kIqw[ ip`CoN AimRMqsr ivKy ie`k A`D AwSrm vI KoilHAw igAw[ s: swDU isMG ny AimMRqsr iv`c lVkIAW leI ^wlsw dsqkwrI skUl dI sQwpnw kIqI[

Dwrimk Kyqr: isMG sBw dy XqnW dy PlsrUp lok Awpxy Drm dy AslI AsUlW qoN vwik& hoey[ lok bRwhmx mq pRBwv ADIn keI qrHW dy vihmW-BrmW Aqy JUTy rIqI irvwzW iv`c XkIn krn l`g pey sn[ is`K Drm dy vwsqivk isDwqW Aqy is`K gurUAW dy aupdySW dw igAwn krvwieAw igAw[ AwrMB iv`c ipMf dy lokW ny isMG sBw lihr dw ivroD kIqw ikauN ik auh ies dy AslI ivcwrW nUM smJ nhIN sky sn[ lyikn isMG sBw dy pRcwrkW ny AwpxyN ivcwrW nUM ikswnW q`k pucwx leI is`K sYinkW dI shwieqw nwl ie`k rYjImYNt qoN gwiekW dI mMflI kwiem kIqI jo ipMfw iv`c jw ky is`K Drm dw pRcwr krn l`gy[ ies qrHW hOlI-hOlI ipMfW iv`c vI isMG sBw nMU AwpxyN isDWqW dw pRcwr krn iv`c sPlqw pRwpq hox l`gI[

isMG sBw dI sQwpnw nwl is`K Drm dI r`iKAw hoeI Aqy is`KW ny eIsweI Aqy is`KW mqW nMU ApnwauxW bMd kr id`qw[ ies AMdoln qoN pihlW eIsweI pRcwrkW Aqy imSnrI skUlW dI is`iKAw dy pRBwv hyT is`K Drm C`f ky is`K lok eIsweI Drm v`lH iK`cy jwx l`g pey sn[ keIAW dw JukwA ihMdU Aqy musilm DrmW v`lH vI hox l`gw sI[ isMG sBw dy pRcwrkW ny bVy joS nwl is`K Drm dw pRcwr kIqw Aqy eIsweI mq, ihMdU mq qy musilm mq dw KMfn kIqw[ aunHW dy pRcwr vjoN is`K lokW iv`c AwpxyN Drm, gurUAW Aqy gRQW leI ivSyS BwvnWvW jwg au`TIAW Aqy auh is`K mq au`qy idRVqw nwl ivSvwS r`Kx l`g pey[ is`K Drm dw pRcwr krn leI is`K pRcwrkW nMU ivSyS pRkwr dI isKlweI id`qI jwx l`g peI Aqy auh bVy auqSwh 'qy inSkwm FMg nwl is`K Drm dw pRcwr krn l`gy [ pMjwb Aqy dUjy pRwqW iv`c QW-QW 'qy gurduAwry sQwipq kIqy gey[ ies dy is`ty vjoN is`K Drm sw AduB`uq ivkws hoieAw[

is`iKAw dy Kyqr iv`c: is`iKAw dw pRcwr krnw vI isMG sBw dy mu`K audySW iv`coN iek sI[ KuSiksmqI nwl jldI nwl hI isMG sBw iv`c bhuq swry pVHy ilKy lok Swml ho gey sn Aqy aunHW dy XqnW sdkw nw kyvl pMjwbI BwSw dw pRcwr hoieAw sgoN is`K ividAwrQIAW nUM Drm Anuswr is`iKAw dyx leI QW-QW Kwlsw skUl qy kwlj vI KolyH gey[ ijvyN ik 1877 eI: iv`c BweI gurmuK isMG ny lwhOr ErIAYNtl kwlj iv`c pMjwbI BwSw cwlU krweI Aqy Awp auh AiDAwpk inXukq hoey[ bwbw Kym isMG bydI ny gurmuKI skUlW dI sQwpnW dw kMm AwrMB kIqw[ ies qoN pihlW is`K ividAwrQI Awm qOr 'qy mMdrW msIqW jW eIsweI imSnrI skUlW iv`c isiKAw pRwpq krdy sn[ pr iehnW skUlW iv`c AwpxyN Drm dy isDWqW Anuswr pMjwbI BwSw iv`c isiKAw pRwpq krn l`gy [

1892 eI: iv`c AimRMqsr ivKy Kwlsw kwlj dI nINh r`KI geI[ hOLI-hOLI pMjwb dy v`K-v`K BwgW iv`c Kwlsw skUlW Aqy kwljW dw jwl ivCw id`qw igAw [ isMG sBw ny iesqrI is`iKAw v`lH vI bhuq iDAwn id`qw[

is`K kMinAw mhWividAwilAw i&rozpur, Kwlsw BujMg skUl kyroN Aqy iv`isAw BMfwr BsOV kMinAw ividAwilAw sn jo sB qo pihlW isMG sBw dy pRBwv iv`c sQwipq hoey[ isMG sBw dy pRBwv ADIn hI dUjy ngrW iv`c vI Aijhy kinMAw ividAwly kwiem hoey[ isMG sBw dy XqnW nwl hI pMjwbI pusqkW Cwpx jW Cpvwaux dw kMm vI zorW nwl AwrMB hoieAw [ nwBy dy rwjw hIrw isMG dy sihXog nwl lwhOr iv`c Kwlsw ipRitMg pRYs dI sQwpnw kIqI geI[ CyqI ip`CoN lwhOr Aqy AimMRqsr iv`c keI hor pRYs KolyH gey[ aunHW iv`c AnykW pMjwbI pusqkW qy A^bwr pRkwiSq hoey[

rwjnIiqk ^yqr iv`c: BwvyN isMG sBw ibRitS srkwr dw ivroD krn dy p`K iv`c nhIN sI Aqy ies iv`c bhuq swry ibRitS krmcwrI vI Swiml kIqy gey sn pr iPr vI iesny is`Dy jW Ais`Dy rUp iv`c ku`J nw ku`J kMm zrUr kIqw [ isMG sBw dy pRcwr dy PlsrUp is`KW dIAW BwvnWvW jwg auTIAW Aqy hOLI-hOLI auh Awpxy rwjnIiqk AiDkwrW dI mMg krn l`gy[ aus smyN jdoN ik AkwlI dl dw jnm nhIN hoieAw sI, isMG sBw Aqy bwAd iv`c cI& Kwlsw dIvwn is`KW dI ie`ko ie`k sMsQw sI jo 47-48 virHAW q`k is`KW dI AgvweI krdI rhI [ ibRitS srkwr v`lH sdBwvnw dw ivhwr r`Kdy hoey SwqIpUrx FMg nwl Dwrimk qy smwijk suDwrW dw pRcwr krdy hoey isMG sBw ny is`KW iv`c AijhIAW BwvnWvW pYdw kr id`qIAW ijnHW ny bwAd iv`c aunHW nUM AwpxyN rwjnIiqk AiDkwrW dI pRwpqI leI sMGrS krn leI mjbUr kr id`qw [ ieh kihxw Zlq nhIN hovygw ik isMG sBw dy XqnW dy &lsrUp hI bwAd iv`c is`KW dI pRis`D rwjnIiqk pwrtI AkwlI dl dw jnm hoieAw[ ies pwrtI ny is`KW dy AiDkwrW nUM pRwpq krn leI Gor sMGrS kIqw [

isMG sBw ny pitAwlw, jINd, nwBw, kpUrQlw, PrIdkot irAwsqW dy is`K hwkmW dy AiDkwrW dI r`iKAw dw pRcwr kIqw [ jd kdI ibRitS srkwr aunHW dy AMdrUnI mwmilAW iv`c d^l idMdI sI qW is`K smwcwr p`qr AijhI nIqI dI inMidAw krdy hoey ibRitS srkwr nUM ApIl krdy sn ik aunHW dy sMDI AiDkwrW dw siqkwr kIqw jwvy [ ieh vI nhIN Bu~lxW cwhIdw ik keI is`K hwkmW vI isMG sBw dy kwrjW iv`c mh`qvpUrx ih`sw pwieAw sI[