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BfÈf mnuWKI siBafcfr df buinafdI sroq hY. mnuWKI siBaqf df ivkfs BfÈf dy ivkfs nfl atWut rUp ivc juiVaf hoieaf hY. mnuWKI ieiqhfs aqy mfnvivigafn dy KyqrF ivc ieh iek srvpRvfinq sWc hY ik ilpI df ivkfs afpxy afp ivc iek Xug pltfAU Gtnf sI. mnWuKI ieiqhfs dy vWK vWK pVfa Aus vloN kIqy gey qknIkI ivkfs dy afDfr qy imxy jFdy hn. ilpI df ivkfs vI ies qknIkI ivkfs ivc aihm pVfa sI ijsny BfÈf aqy qknflojI dy aSqr sbSDF ƒ AuGfiVaf. Aus smyN qoN hI BfÈf aqy qknflojI df ivkfs iek dUsry qy inrBr krdy cly af rhy hn. ilpI qoN bfad CfpyÉfny, tfeIp mÈIn, rIkfrizSg afid aijhy qknflojIkl pVfa hn ijnHF ny BfÈf dy ivkfs ivc bhuq hI mhWqvpUrn ihWsf pfieaf hY. BfÈfeI ieiqhfs ies gWl dI gvfhI idSdf hY ik ijnHF BfÈfvF ny smyN isr qknflojI ƒ nhIN apxfieaf Auh jF qF ivkfs ivc ipCy rih geIaF jF Aukf hI Kqm ho geIaF.

kSipAUtr dI eIjfd qknflojI Kyqr ivc aijhf ienklfb hY ik ijsdI hor koeI imsfl mnuWKI ieiqhfs ivc nhIN imldI. mnuWKI iËSdgI aqy igafn dy vWK vWK KyqrF ƒ kSipAUtr ny ies kdr pRBfivq kIqf aqy bdl idWqf hY, ijsdI kuJ smF pihlF klpnf vI nhIN sI kIqI jf skdI.

ieh kudrqI hY ik aijhI vWzI qknflojIkl qbdIlI mnWuKI BfÈf dy Kyqr ƒ vI pRBfivq kry. kSipAUtr aqy BfÈf dy afpsI sSbSDF df smWucf jfieËf lYxf qF afpxy afp ivc hI bhuq ivÈfl Kyqr hY ijsdf iËkr mOjUdf pRsSg aqy prcy dy ivqoNN bfhrI gWl hY. pr ieQy kuJ nukqy spÈt krny lfËmI hn.

1 kSipAUtr aqy Éfskr ieStrnYWt dy mnuWKI iËSdgI df aSg bx jfx kfrn, aSgryËI BfÈf iek mUl BfÈf bx geI hY. iesdf BfÈfeI sfmrfj hor ivÈfl ho igaf hY.

2 ivÈvIkrn (Globalization) ivc BfÈfeI sfmrfj df bhuq aihm rol hY. afDuink sScfr dIaF loVF ƒ iDafn ivc rWKdy hoey sfry ivÈv leI ieko iek kfrgr BfÈf dI loV mihsUs hox lWg peI hY aqy ies ivÈy ivc Koj vI bVy Ëor Èor nfl ho rhI hY.

3 ies hflfq ivc CotIaF aqy ielfkfeI BfÈfvF df BivK nf isrÌ DSudlf ho irhf hY sgoN mUl rUp ivc AuhnF dI hoNd ƒ hI Kqrf KVHf ho igaf hY.

4 ies qrHF jfpdf hY ik isrÌ AuhI BfÈfvF jo jldI qoN jldI ajokI qknflojI apxf ky aWj dy Ëmfny dIaF sScfrk loVF pUrf krn dy smrWQ ho jfxgIaF, afpxI hoNd kfiem rWK skxgIaF qy ivkfs kr skxgIaF.

ies pRsSg ivc pSjfbI BfÈf aqy iesdy kSipAUtrIkrn dy msly sbSDI gWl kridaF, pSjfbI BfÈf dy ivkfs dI ipTBUmI qy ingfh mfrnI ËrUrI hY. pSjfb df ieiqhfs hËfrF sflF purfxf hY iesdI bolI vI ieSnIN hI purfxI hY. purfxI vYidk BfÈf aqy pRfikRq BfÈf, BfÈf dy aijhy muZly rUp hn ijnHF ivcoN bfad dIaF BfrqI BfÈfvF pYdf hoeIaF. pSjfbI BfÈf dIaF jVHF vI iehnF purfqn BfÈfvF nfl hI juVIaF hoeIaF hn. pr mOjUdf pSjfbI BfÈf df ieiqhfs nfQ jogIaF, sUÌI sSqF aqy isWK gurUaF dy nfl hI juiVaf hoieaf hY. ies ilhfË nfl ieh GWty GWt hËfr ku sfl purfxI BfÈf hY. ikAuNik pSjfbI BfÈf dI iksmq pSjfb dy ieiqhfs nfl hI juVI hoeI hY ies krky ies BfÈf df ieiqhfs vI duKFq BrpUr hY.

pSjfbI BfÈf kdy vI srkfrI BfÈf nhIN rhI ieQoN qk ik mhfrfjf rxjIq isSG dy smyN ivc vI ÌfrsI hI srkfrI BfÈf dy qOr qy pRclq sI. pSjfbI afm lokF dI BfÈf hox krky afm lokF dIaF loVF aqy anuBvF anusfr ivksq huSdI rhI. iesƒ kdy vI isafsI, afriQk jF qknIkI hlikaF ivc srpRsqI aqy muÉiqafrI nhIN imlI. ies krky bfvjUd bhuq ipafrI aqy smrWQ BfÈf hox dy, ieh qknIkI aqy qknflojIkl pWK qoN GWt ivksq jF axivksq hI rhI. ies qknflojIkl ipCVypn kfrn ieh pyNzU, anpVH aqy isDy-sfdy lokF dI BfÈf igxI jFdI rhI. aWj vI pSjfbI bolx vfilaF ivc ikqy nf ikqy kmqrI df aihsfs Cuipaf nËr afAuNdf hY. Kfs krky srkfrI, pRÈfsink, akfdimk aqy qknIkI hlikaF ivc iesƒ smrWQ BfÈf nhIN smiJaf jFdf.

pSjfbI lokF df vK-vK Dfrimk iÌrikaF ivc vSzy jfxf aqy BfÈf df mËhbIkrn aqy isafsIkrn ho jfxf vI pSjfbI BfÈf dy duKFq df mUSh boldf sbUq hY. muslmfnF df AurdU, ihSdUaF df ihSdI aqy isWKF df pSjfbI nfl juV jfxf pSjfbI BfÈf leI bhuq hI mSdBfgf sfbq hoieaf hY. pSjfbI BfÈf dI vrqoN leI iehnF Dfrimk iÌrikaF df vWKo vWKrIaF ilpIaF, imsfl dy qOr qy muslmfnF vWloN prÈIan ilpI, ihSdUaF vWloN dyvnfgrI ilpI aqy isWKF vWloN gurmuKI ilpI vrqxf vI pSjfbI BfÈf leI bVf Gfqk sfibq hoieaf hY.

pSjfb dy btvfry (1947) nfl pSjfbI BfÈfeI BfeIcfrf pihlF do ihWisaF ivc vSizaf igaf iPr pSjfbI sUby dy aSdoln dOrfn iqSn ihWisaF ivc vSizaf igaf. iesdf nuksfn pSjfbI BfÈf aqy iesdy ivkfs ƒ hoxf kudrqI sI. pSjfbIaF df iek vWzf ihWsf ieDrly aqy AuDrly dovyN pSjfbF ivcoN AWuT ky pRdyÈF ivc jf vWisaf. ieh lok vI afpxy siBafcfr qy BfÈfeI ivrsy nfloN tWut gey, ijs sdkf iehnF aSdr iek siBafcfr dy AudryvyN dI Bfvnf jfg peI. mOjUdf ivkfs dI idÈf ÈihrIkrn aqy pWCmIkrn vWl hox krky aqy ÈihrF ivc ividaf df psfr, tI[vI[ aqy ieStrnYWt dI vrqoN vWDx krky afAux vflIaF pIVHIaF ivc aSgryËI aqy ihSdI dI vrqoN df ruJfn vD irhf hY. iehnF Auprokq qWQF qy iDafn mfiraF sSsfr dI 14vIN BfÈf hox aqy lgBg 6 kroV lokF dI bolI hox dy bfvjUd pSjfbI df BivK qknflojIkl ivkfs dI axhoNd kfrn aSDkfrmeI nËr afAuNdf hY.

pSjfbI irsors sYNtr dI sQfpnf

ikAuNik qknflojIkl ivkfs dI cuxOqI isrÌ pSjfbI leI hI nhIN sgoN sfrIaF BfrqI BfÈfvF leI sFJI hY. ies krky kSimAUnIkyÈn aqy ienPormyÈn qknflojI minstrI ny 2000 ivc BfrqI BfÈfvF dy kSimpAUtrIkrn dI bhuq hI mhWqvpUrn Xojnf AulIkI, ijs aDIn pSjfbI BfÈf dy kSipAUtrIkn df ijSmF Qfpr ieSstIicAUt afP ieSjnIairSg aqy qknflojI ƒ sONipaf igaf. ies sSsQf ivKy kimAUnIkyÈn aqy ienPormyÈn qknflojI minstrI vWloN rIsors sYNtr Pfr tYknIkl izvYlpmYNt afP pSjfbI sQfpq kIqf igaf ijsdI iËSmyvfrI mOjUdf lyKk ƒ sONpI geI aqy sih lyKk ny muZlI styj qy slfhkfr vWloN syvf inBfeI. do sflF dy Coty ijhy arsy dOrfn bhuq sfrIaF muÈklF dy bfvjUd ieh rIsors sYNtr ny hyT ilKy KyqrF ivc pSjfbI BfÈf df kSipAUtrIkrn krn ivc sPlqf hfsl kIqI hY. ieQy ieh vrxnXog hY ik ies sYNtr dI sQfpnf qoN pihlF pSjfbI BfÈf dy kSipAUtrIkrn sSbSDI kSm nFh dy brfbr hI sI. isrÌ kuJ prdysF ivc vsdy pSjfbI prymIaF ny pSjfbI tfeIp leI vKo-vKry PoNt iqafr kIqy sn. kuJ ivakqIaF ny vYWb sfeItF iqafr krky iesy pfsy vWl kuJ Xqn kIqy sn.

spYWl cYWkr

spYl cYWkr arQfq Èbd-joV iksy vI BfÈf dI buinafdI ËrUrq hY. shI Èbd-joV qoN ibnF aksr arQF dy anrQ ho jFdy hn. BfÈf dy kSipAUtrIkrn nfl ieh kSm bhuq hI sOKf ho igaf hY. aSgryËI vrgIaF ivksq aqy kSipAUtrfeIËz BfÈfvF ivc bhuq hI ivksq spYWl cYWkr imldy hn. ijs nfl CpfeI aqy sSpfdn df kSm bhuq hI afsfn ho jFdf hY. pSjfbI df spYWl cYWkr iqafr krn qoN pihlF vWzI muÈkl ieh afeI ik pSjfbI ivc ajy Èbd-joVF df imafrIkrn (Standardization) hI nhIN hoieaf. byÈWk bhuq sfry pSjfbI ivdvfn sfrI Aumr pSjfbI BfÈf dy lyKy lf cWuky hn. hYrfnI dI gWl hY ik ies pfsy iËafdf iDafn nhIN idWqf igaf. pSjfbI dy bhuq sfry Èbd-joV ajy vI vWK-vWK qrIikaF nfl ilKy jFdy hn. ieQoN qk ik Èbd-koÈ iqafr krdy smyN vI ies pfsy iDafn nhIN idWqf igaf, iesy krky vWK vWK Èbd-koÈF ivc vWKo-vWKry Èbd-joV imldy hn. imsfl qy qOr qy aksr vrqoN ivc afAux vfly Èbd 'ivc` ƒ hI do qrIikaF nfl (:ivc/ivWc:) iliKaf jFdf hY.

ies smWisaf ƒ hWl krn leI ijWQy ikqy iksy Èbd dy iek qoN vWD Èbd-joV rUp pRclq hn Ausdy sfry rUpF ƒ hI Èfml kr ilaf igaf hY. ies spYWl cYWkr ƒ iqafr krn leI s[hrkIrq isSG dy Èbd-joV koÈ ƒ afDfr bxfky aqy pSjfbI XUnIvristI dy pSjfbI-aSgryËI Èbd-koÈ aqy BfÈf ivBfg vWloN iqafr Èbd-koÈ dI vrqoN krdy hoey 1[5 lWK ÈbdF qy afDfirq spYWl cYWkr iqafr kIqf igaf hY jo ik vrqoN leI iqafr hY.

PONt qbdIlI

pSjfbI BfÈf dy chyiqaF aqy ilKfrIaF Kfs krky kSipAUtr Aupr hWQ aËmfAux vfilaF ny bhuq sfry pSjfbI PONt iqafr kr ley hn. ieh sfry PONt iqafr krn sdkf iehnF POtF dI GVmWs ijhI mWc geI hY. pr iehnF POtF dI vjfh kfrn iek nvIN smWisaf ieh bx geI hY ik vWK-vWK mÈInF Aupr vWK-vWK PONt hox krky pSjfbI tfeIp krn vfilaF leI muÈklF pYdf ho geIaF hn. ikAuNik ieh PONt aijhy qrIky (glyph codes) nfl kSipAUtr mYmrI ivc stor kIqy jFdy hn ijs kfrn iek dUjy ivc qbdIl nhIN ho skdy. ies kfrn pSjfbI BfÈf qy afDfirq kSipAUtr vrqoN ivc bhuq aVcnF af rhIaF hn aqy nf hI iesƒ ieStrnYWt leI vriqaf jf skdf hY. iehnF muÈklF ƒ hWl krn leI rIsors-sYNtr vWloN iek PONt-knvrtr iqafr kIqf igaf hY. ieh PONt-knvrtr 60 vWKo-vWKiraF pSjfbI PONtF ƒ iek dUsry ivc bdl skdf hY. iehnF sfry PONtF ivcoN kuJku pRisWD PONt ieh hn: afnSdrpur sfihb, amirq ilpI, jfsmIn aqy sqluj. ies PONt-knvrtr rfhIN hux koeI vI iek PONt ivc tfeIp krky loV anusfr smWucI iebfrq ƒ hor PONt ivc bdl skdf hY.

sOritSg (qrqIbbWD krnf)

qrqIbbWD krnf aqy sUcIbWD krnf, jfxkfrI jF zftf mYnyjmYNt dIaF buinafdI loVF hn. ieh Koj, aiDafpn aqy hor akfdimk aqy pRbSDkI kSmF leI bhuq hI mhWqvpUrn qrIky hn. Èfbidk qrqIb qoN bgYr iksy BfÈf dy Èbd-koÈ dI klpnf vI nhIN kIqI jf skdI. bdiksmqI nfl pSjfbI BfÈf dI Èfbidk qrqIb df koeI ÌfrmUlf vI ajy qk iqafr nhIN kIqf igaf. BfeI kfnH isSG nfBf dy Èbd-koÈ qoN lY ky pSjfbI XUnIvristI dy Èbd-koÈ qWk, sfry Èbd-koÈ afpo-afpxy qrIky nfl qrqIb dy ky iqafr kIqy gey hn. iehnF ivc kfPI hWd qWk lyKkF jF sSpfdkF vloN mnmrËI kIqI geI hY. pr kSipAUtr duafrf qrqIbbWD krn leI koeI ivigafink qrIkf hI apxfieaf jf skdf hY. ies Kyqr ivc kSm kr cWuky jF kSm kr rhy ivdvfnF nfl sSprk krn qy pqf cWilaf ik AuhnF ivcoN bhuq sfry ies smWisaf pRqI cyqSn hI nhIN hn. aSgryËI vrgIaF BfÈfvF ijnHF dIaF lgF-mfqrfvF aWKr afDfirq hn aijhI smWisaf pYdf nhIN krdIaF. pr pSjfbI bfkI BfrqI BfÈfvF vFg ies mfmly ivc kfÌI guSJldfr hY. ies krky kSipAUtr leI Èfbidk qrqIb df muZoN-suZoN iek nvF ÌfrmUlf iqafr kIqf igaf hY. ijs ivc aWKrF dI qrqIb pihlF kIqI geI hY. Aus qoN bfad lgF-mfqrfvF dI qrqIb dUjy nSbr qy iqafr kIqI geI hY. bhuq sfry BfÈf ivigafnIaF dI slfh nfl aqy bfkI BfÈfvF dy kSipAUtr mfihrF dI rfie nfl ieh muÈkl hWl kr leI geI hY. hux rIsors sYNtr vWloN pSjfbI BfÈf dI iek aijhI qrqIb pRxfÜI iqafr kr leI geI hY jo smWucIaF pSjfbI PoNtF Aupr lfgU huSdI hY.

ielYktrOink Èbd-koÈ aqy qknIkI ÈbdfvlI koÈ

pSjfbI BfÈf dy qknIkI pWKoN axivksq jF GWt ivksq hox kfrn iesdI dÌqrI vrqoN aqy akfdimk vrqoN ivc bhuq muÈklF afAuNdIaF hn. bhuq sfry aSgryËI jF ihSdI dy brfbr dy Èbd nf hox kfrn qknIkI aqy akfdimk ÈbdfvlI dI kfÌI Gft hY. ieh gWl iDafn ivc rWKidaF BfÈf ivBfg ny keI qknIkI ÈbdfvlI koÈ iqafr kIqy hn. sYNtr ny iehnF muÈklF ƒ iDafn ivc rWKidaF keI aSgryËI pSjfbI Èbd-koÈ aqy qknIkI ÈbdfvlI koÈF df ielYktrOink rUpFqrx krky ieStrnYWt Aupr ieh muhWeIaf krvf idWqy hn qF ik dunIaf dy iksy kony ivc bYTf koeI vI pSjfbI lyKk jF pfTk iesdI vrqoN kr sky. pSjfbI BfÈf dI vrqoN krn vfilaF leI bhuq vWzI shUlq sfbq ho irhf hY.

pSjfbI vrz-pRosYsr

kSipAUtr dI sB qoN vWzI dyx vWK-vWK BfÈfvF dy vrz pRosYsr pYdf krnf hY. ieh vrz-pRosYsr kSipAUtr dI vrqoN krn vfilaF leI iek smWucf BfÈf pRbSD muhWeIaf krvfAuNdy hn. iehnF ivc kI-borz, Èbd-koÈ, QYËfrs, spYWl-cYWkr, qrqIb pRbSD aqy PoNt qbdIl krn dIaF shUlqF pRdfn krdy hn. iËafdf ivksq vrz-pRosYsr gRfmr cYWk aqy pSkcUeyÈn dIaF shUlqF vI pRdfn krdy hn. pSjfbI lyKkF aqy pfTkF dIaF muÈklF ƒ iDafn ivc rWKidaF rIsors sYNtr vWloN pSjfbI df pihlf vrz poRsYsr ilKfrI iqafr kIqf igaf hY jo Aupr dWsIaF sfrIaF shUlqF mhWeIaf krvfAuNdf hY aqy pUrn rUp ivc vrqoN Xog hY.

gurmuKI O. C. R. (Optical Character Recognition)

kSipAUtr nfl sSbSDq ieh vWzI shUlq skYnr dI hY. skYnr iksy vI dsqfvyË ƒ pVH ky kSipAUtr dI mYNmrI ivc stor kr skdf hY aqy Ausƒ kSipAUtr skrIn Aupr ilaf ky Aus dI sSpfdnf jF rUpFqrx kIqf jf skdf hY. ieQoN qWk ky qsvIrF vÊYrf ƒ vI aYizt kIqf jf skdf hY. BfÈfvF dy sSbSD ivc iesqrHF dI shUlq pYdf krn leI iek aijhy sfPtvyar dI loV pYNdI hY ijs rfhIN skYnr Aus BfÈf ƒ pVHn dy Xog ho jFdf hY. ies qknIk ƒ O. C. R. ikhf jFdf hY. pSjfbI BfÈf df koeI O. C. R. ajy qWk ivksq nhIN kIqf igaf sI. bhuq Koj aqy sÉq imhnq qoN bfad rIsors sYNtr ny pSjfbI df O. C. R. iqafr krn ivc kfmXfbI hfsl kIqI hY. ieh O. C. R. ieSnF ÈkqIÈflI hY ik ivSgy tyZy vrikaF ƒ vI pCfx ky isWDy krky kSipAUtr skrIn Aupr idKf skdf hY. ies shUlq rfhIN pSjfbI dsqfvyËF aqy ikqfbF vÊYrf ƒ kSipAUtr ivc aYNtr krn leI tfeIipSg dI ËrUrq nhIN pvygI. sgoN skYnr duafrf skYn krky dsqfvyËF ƒ aYizt kIqf jf skygf. ieh shUlq vI pUrn rUp ivc vrqoN Xog hY aqy bhuq sfry sYNtr nfl sSbSDq adfiraF vWloN iesƒ vriqaf jf irhf hY.

gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI ilpIaSqr

rIsors sYNtr ny C-DAC dI mdd nfl iek kSipAUtr pRogrfm iqafr kIqf hY. ijs nfl gurmuKI ilpI ivc ilKI iebfrq ƒ ÈfhmuKI arQfq AurdU ilpI ivc qbdIl kIqf jf skdf hY. muZly qjrby dy qOr qy pRisWD khfxIkfr krqfr isSG dWugl dIaF khfxIaF ƒ ies pRogrfm qihq ieStrnYWt Aupr gurmuKI ilpI ivc muhWeIaf kIqf igaf hY. iehnF khfxIaF ƒ ÈfhmuKI ivc vI qbdIl krky piVHaf jf skdf hY. ies ivÈy ivc ajy hor Koj cl rhI hY. pSjfbI BfÈf ivc ilpI dI smWisaf ƒ iDafn ivc rWKidaF ieh iek bhuq hI mhWqvpUrn pRogrfm hY.

ieStrnYWt sSbSDI pSjfbI ivc shUlqF

aWj df Xug ieStrnYWt df Xug bxdf jf irhf hY. ijhVIaF BfÈfvF afpxy afpƒ vYWb dI vrqoN Xog nhIN bxf skxgIaF AuhnF df koeI BivWK nhIN hY. ies gWl ƒ iDafn ivc rWKidaF sYNtr ny pSjfbI ƒ vYWb-Xog bxfAux leI bhuq Xqn kIqy hn ijs dy isWty vjoN pSjfbI BfÈf dy klfskI Èfhkfr ieStrnYWt Aupr muhWeIaf krvfey gey hn iehnF ivcoN jpujI sfihb, cSzI dI vfr, bWulyH Èfh dIaF kfÌIaF, ÈyK ÌrId dy Èlok, vfirs Èfh dI hIr, iÈv dI lUxF, afid iËkrXog hn. iehnF rcnfvF ƒ ivÈyÈ qOr qy ieStrnYWt BfÈf ivc rUpFqirq krn dy nfl-nfl aOKy ÈbdF dy arQ vI idWqy hn jo ik krsr Èbd Aupr iljfx nfl afpxy afp pRgt ho jFdy hn. iek src-ieSjn vI iehnF rcnfvF dy nfl muhWeIaf krvfieaf igaf hY ijs duafrf iksy vI Èbd ƒ iehnF rcnfvF dy pRsSg ivc Koijaf jf skdf hY.

BivKmuKI idÈfvF

kSipAUtr sfieSs dy Kyqr ivc nvIaF KojF hox nfl roËfnf iËSdgI ivc kSipAUtr df rol aqy mhWqv bhuq vD igaf hY. kSipAUtr aSgryËI kyNdirq jF pWCmI kyNdirq hox dI bjfey sSsfr dy hr iKqy ivc aqy iËSdgI dy hr pihlU ivc aihm sfDn bx igaf hY. vWK vWK dyÈF ivc kSipAUtr dy loklIkrn dI mSg vD geI hY. lokl afbfdI dIaF loVF anusfr kSipAUtr dI vrqoN ivc inq nvIaF qknIkF ivksq ho rhIaF hn.

hr iKqy ivc srkfrI hmfieq nfl aqy ivigafink aqy akfdimk AuWdm nfl kSipAUtr qknOlojI ƒ hor vrqoN Xog bxfieaf jf skdf hY, jykr ies qknflojI dy BivK vWl ingfh mfrI jfvy qF iesdy ivkfs dIaF sSBfvnfvF anSq hn. iesdy ivkfs dI koeI sImf nhIN jy sImf hY qF mnWuKI mn aqy klpnf dI sImf hY. vrqmfn aqy nyV BivK ivc ijs idÈf ivc bfkI BfÈfvF ivc KojF ho rhIaF hn aqy ijnHF dI pSjfbI BfÈf dy kSipAUtrIkrn ivc vI aihm BUimkf ho skdI hY. AuhnF ivcoN kuJ ku hyT ilKy anusfr hn:

1 korps ivkfs (Corpora development) Èbd BSzfr ivkfs:

pSjfbI BfÈf df smuWcf korps (Èbd BSzfr) jo ik kSipAUtr duafrf vrqoN leI CIIL mYsUr vWloN jutfieaf igaf hY 30 lWK ÈbdF df hY. ieh buinafdI Èbd BSzfr, BfÈf ivigafnIaF, kSipAUtr mfihrF Kfs sfPtvyar df ivkfs krn vfilaF leI bhuq hI lfhyvSd hY. ieh kSipAUtr dI BfÈfeI vrqoN ijsqrF spYWl cYikSg, gRfmr cYikSg O. C R. aqy mÈIn trFslyÈn leI bhuq ËrUrI hY. pSjfbI iek hËfrF sfl purfxI aqy BUgoilk qOr qy ivÈfl iKWiqaF ivc bolI jFdI BfÈf hY. iesdf Èbd BSzfr vI bhuq ivÈfl hoxf kudrqI hY. afAux vfly smyN ivc kSipAUtr dI vrqoN Xog Èbd BSzfr arQfq korps ƒ GWto GWt 1 kroV ÈbdF qWk ivksq krn dI ËrUrq hY. ies qoN ielfvf ies korps dy pWDr ƒ hor AuWcf cWukx leI ies ivc idWqy ÈbdF dy bfkI rUpF ƒ Aus nfl tYg kIqf jf skdf hY ijsƒ kSipAUtr dI qknIkI ÈbdfvlI ivc mOrÌ ikhf jFdf hY. ies qoN ielfvf korps ivc idWqy ÈbdF dI vrqoN anusfr vI tYigSg kIqI jf skdI hY. jo ik pSjfbI dy kSipAUtrIkrn ivc bhuq hI mhWqvpUrn hovygI.

2 ieStrnYWt qy pSjfbI dI vrqoN:

sSsfr ivc ieStrnYWt vrqx vfly lokF dI igxqI bhuq qyË rÌqfr nfl vD rhI hY. iËSdgI df koeI vI iKqf iesqoN aCUqf nhIN irhf. idnoN idn ieStrnYWt dI vrqoN ivc nvIaF qknIkF dI mSg vI vWD rhI hY. pSjfbI BfÈf ƒ ieStrnYWt qy vrqxXog bxfAux leI aqy hor qknflojIkl cuxOqIaF df sfhmxf krn dy Xog bxfAux leI hyT ilKy KyqrF vl iDafn dyx dI ËrUrq hY :

· pSjfbI BfÈf df ieStrnYWt BfÈf ivc rUpFqrx krn leI qknIkF df ivkfs krnf aqy ieStrnYWt vrqx vfilaF leI sSpfdnf afid dIaF shUlqF pRdfn krnf.

· pSjfbI eI-myl srvr ivksq krnF qF ik pSjfbI ivc eI-myl ByjI aqy pRfpq kIqI jf sky.

· pSjfbI ivc iËSdgI dy vWK-vWK KyqrF nfl sSbSDq ijvyN sYr-spftf, snaqkfrI, ividaf aqy zfktrI shUlqF jF hor shUlqF sSbSDI jfxkfrI pSjfbI ivc pYdf krnf aqy ieStrnYWt qy muhWeIaf krvfAuxf aqy ies sSbSDI imafrI vYWb-sfeItF df inrmfx krnf.

3 mÈIn trFslyÈn:

Bfrq iek bhu-BfÈfeI dyÈ hY vWK vWK sUibaF ivc vWK vWK BfÈfvF pRclq hn. ies krky iek BfÈf qoN dUjI BfÈf ivc qrjmf krnf afpxy afp ivc hI iek kSm hY. bhuq sfry dsqfvyË bhu-BfÈfeI jF do-BfÈfeI huSdy hn ies krky aksr AuhnF dy qrjmy ivc bhuq smWisafvF afAuNdIaF hn. BfÈf dI vrqoN sSbSDI vI bhuq Jmyly KVyH huSdy rihSdy hn aqy aksr ieh isafsI rSgq lY lYNdy hn. jykr BfrqI BfÈfvF leI mÈIn trFslyÈn dI suivDf ivksq kr leI jfvy qF BfÈf sSbSDI lokF dIaF bhuq sfrIaF muÈklF ƒ afsfn kIqf jf skdf hY. hyT ilK dsqfvyË mÈIn duafrf trFslyt krny ËrUrI hn.

· srkfrI aqy pRÈfsink kfiedy kfƒn
· pfrlImYNtrI svfl-jvfb
· dvfeIaF sSbSDI sUcnfvF aqy jfxkfrI
· kfƒnI ÈbdfvlI aqy mhWqvpUrn inafiek PYsly

4 mnuK-mÈIn aSqrikRaf:

ijAuN ijAuN pSjfbI ivc jfxkfrI df ivkfs ho irhf hY iesƒ kSipAUtr Aupr drj krn leI qknIkF dI ËrUrq vWDdI jf rhI hY. ijnHF ƒ asIN mnuK-mÈIn ieStrPys (H U M I S) df nF idSdy hF. ies idÈf ivc pihlF hI pSjfbI gurmuKI df O. C. R iqafr ho cWuikaf hY pr ies sSbSD ivc hor bhuq sfrIaF qknIkF aqy shUlqF bfkI BfÈfvF ivc AuplWbD hn. ies krky afAux vfl smyN ivc pSjfbI BfÈf sSbSDI ivÈyÈ KyqrF ivc Koj krn dI ËrUrq hY. iehnF ivcoN kuJ ku hyT ilKy anusfr hn.

· aOn-lfien aqy aOP-lfien hWQ-ilKq gurmuKI dsqfvyËF dI pCfx leI shUlqF muhWeIaf krvfAuxf.

· pSjfbI ivc kSipAUtr leI bol-cfl dy pRbSD ivksq krnF ijnHF rfhIN kSipAUtr ivc pSjfbI bolI dI rIkfizSg ho sky. ieh qknIkF pSjfbI pRsfrn, ËbfnI afdyÈF aqy hor bol cflF dy pRbSDF leI mhWqvpUrn isWD hoxgIaF.

· pSjfbI bol pCfx df pRbSD ivksq krnf ijs rfhIN kSipAUtr ËbfnI afdyÈF ƒ smJ ky huSgfrf dy sky.

isWtf

byÈWk pSjfbI kSipAUtrIkrn dI idÈf ivc kuJ muZly kdm pWuty gey hn pr ieh kSm gohVy ivcoN pUxI kWqx dy brfbr hI hY. vYsy aijhy kSm iksy kWly kihry ivakqI, sYNtr jF grWup dy vs df rog hI nhIN sgoN smWucy pSjfbI BfeIcfry ƒ smUihk hSBlf mfrn dI ËrUrq hY. ipCly do sflF dy arsy dOrfn asIN ieh dyiKaf hY ik pSjfbI sfihq dI pYdfvfr qF bhuq ho rhI hY. kivqf, khfxI, nfvl afid vWzI pWDr Aupr ilKy jf rhy hn pr pSjfbI BfÈf dy buinafdI ivkfs aqy Koj vWl loVINdf iDafn nhIN idWqf jf irhf. ies kSm pRqI cyqnf aqy icSqn dI vI kfPI Gft hY. pSjfbI sSsQfvF, sBfvF aqy kfnPrSsF df islislf keI vfrI ieh BulyKf pf idSdf hY ik pSjfbI df ivkfs bhuq ho irhf hY. pr jykr sSsfr pWDr qy BfÈfeI qrWkI dy sSdrB ivc ivcfr kIqf jfvy aqy pSjfbI jubfn dy BfeIcfry ivc vfpr rhIaF qbdIlIaF ƒ dyKIey qF pSjfbI BfÈf df BivK bhuq DSudlf nËr afAuNdf hY.

nvIaF pIVHIaF ivc aSgryËI aqy ihSdI dI vrqoN df ruJfn, purfxIaF pIVHIaF ivc QoVHI pRfpqI qy vWzy svY BulyKy df ruJfn, pSjfbI jubfnI BfeIcfry df afps ivc vSizaf hoxf kuJ aijhy qWQ hn ijnHF ƒ nËraSdfË nhIN kIqf jf skdf. pSjfbI jubfn dI qrWkI leI kSm kr rhy suihrd ivdvfnF ivc pyÈfvr vqIry dI vI kfPI Gft hY. aksr pSjfbI dy ivkfs nfl sSbSDq mWuidaF ƒ KfmhKfh isafsI rSgq dy idWqI jFdI hY.

loV hY ies BfÈf ƒ nvIaF sScfrk aqy qknIkI loVF anusfr Zfl ky vWD qoN vWD kfrgr sScfr sfDn bxfAux dI qF ik ies dI vrqoN ivc vfDf ho sky. jo BfÈf ijafdf vrqI jFdI hY Ausdy ivkfs dI guSjfieÈ ijafdf vD jFdI hY. pSjfbI lok-BfÈf hox kfrn iek bhuq hI smrWQ aqy KUbsUrq BfÈf hY. qknIkI, akfdimk aqy pRÈfsink BfÈf dy qOr qy ies ivc ivksq hox dIaF bhuq sSBfvnfvF hn.

jykr pSjfbI BfÈf ƒ ies kSipAUtr Xug ivc shI idÈf ivc smyN isr ivksq kr leIey qF koeI vWzI gWl nhIN ik ieh sSsfr dIaF igxqI dIaF ivksq BfÈfvF dy brfbr KVHI ho sky. ivÈvIkrn ijWQy Coty siBafcfrk aqy BfÈfeI grWupF leI iek cuxoqI hY AuWQy ieh afpxI smrWQf idKfAux df iek mOkf vI hY. pSjfbI jbfnI BfeIcfry ƒ iek juWt ho ky ies mOky ƒ sFB lYxf cfhIdf hY. ieh kdy nhIN Bulxf cfhIdf hY ik BfÈf iek mnuWKI sfDn hY. iesƒ pIVHI dr pIVHI ivksq kIqf jFdf hY. ijs rUp ivc pSjfbI jubfn sfƒ sfzy puriKaF vloN bKÈI geI hY. iesdf rUp hor sSvfr ky, inKfr ky aqy ivkisq krky afAux vflIaF pIVHIaF ƒ sONpxf sfzI injI aqy smfijk iËSmyvfrI hY.

ies lyK bwry Awpxy ivcwr  swnUM ilKo