p`qrkwrI Aqy jnsµcwr ivBwg, pµjwbI X¨nIvristI, pitAwlw ivKy rIfr vjoN AiDAwpn kr rhy fw· hrijµdr vwlIAw dI pusqk 'p`qrkwrI Aqy pµjwbI swihqk p`qrkwrI' pµjwbI swihqk p`qrkwrI dy bIj qoN ibrK bxn dy smu`cy ieiqhws dIAW jVHW ƒ Awlocnwqmk nzrIey qoN ProldI hY[ fw· vwlIAw BwvyN p`qrkwrI ivBwg dy kdy ividAwrQI rhy, hux AiDAwpk hn Aqy AwpxI pySwvwrwnw loVW leI AµgryzI pusqk 'pµjwb PyArz AYNf PYstIvYlz' qoN ielwvw 'pµjwb dy p®µprk lok-sµcwr swDn' sµcwr pusqkW dy lyKk vI hn pr aunHW dw pihlw ieSk swihq hI hY[ pµjwbI dy mwisk p`qr mµc dI sµpwdnw smyN vI aus aupr 'p`qrkwrI' dy nwlo nwl 'swihq' dw jƒn vI sI[ Swied iesy kwrn aunHW Koj krn leI swihqk p`qrkwrI dy Kyqr ƒ cuixAw sI[ ieh pusqk aus dI iesy rucI dw is`tw hY[

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mu`kdI g`l ieh hY ik lyKk v`loN pyS q`QW qoN sUKm ieSwry imldy hn ik do iPrikAW ivc pYdw hoeI kuV`qx Aqy pµjwbI p®Ys dy iPrkwp®sq lIhW ivc vµfy jwx dy bIj vI pµjwbI p`qrkwrI dy AwrµB ivc hI pey hn[ lyKk ies ƒ AµgryzW dI k¨tnIqI nwl joVdw hY[ mYƒ jwpdw hY ik AµgryzW ny qW Awpxy ih`qW kwrn vµfIAW pweIAW ho skdIAW hn pr AwzwdI bwAd vI ieh vµfIAW brkrwr ikauN rhIAW hn? kI AsIN Awpxy nuksW leI dUsirAW ƒ ksUrvwr qW nhIN Tihrw rhy jW AµgryzW ny vµfIAW dw jwl hI AYnI bu`DImqw nwl iqAwr kIqw sI ik AsIN A`j qk nhIN inkl sky[ lyKk ny pµjwbI p`qrkwrI ƒ 1867 qoN 1900, 1900 qoN 1920, 1920 qoN 1935, 1935 qoN 1947, 1947 qoN 1972, 1972 qoN 2000 q`k dy pVwvW ivc vµifAw hY[

pihlw pVwA Drm prcwr dw sI[ ies smyN dy AKbwrW dy nW hI ieh drswauNdy hn ijvyN suDwr (1897), suDwr swgr (1880), Kwlsw AKbwr (1886), Kwlsw gzt (1884), Kwlsw smwcwr (1899), inrguxAwrw Awid[ ienHW p`qrW dy sµpwdk BweI gurmuK isµG, BweI id`q isµG, BweI crn isµG, BweI vIr isµG, igAwnI igAwn isµG, pµ· qwrw isµG nroqm vrgy p®is`D lyKk Aqy smwj suDwrk nyqw sn[ dUjy dOr ivc isAwsI p`qr vI AwrµB ho jWdy hn[ ienHW ivcoN AmrIkw qoN Cpdy gdr dI gdr gUµj sB qoN auBrvIN sI[ qIjw dOr AkwlI lihr dy Awgmn nwl SurU huµdw hY[

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smu`cy rUp ivc p`qrkwrI Aqy swihqk p`qrkwrI kyvl pµjwbI p`qrkwrI dw ieiqhws hI nhIN aulIkdI sgoN pµjwbI swihqk p`qrkwrI dIAW pµjwbI dy cwr p®mu`K rswilAW dy hvwly nwl gµBIr ieiqhws ProldI hY[ ieh pusqk p`qrkwrI Aqy swihq dy Awm pwTkW Aqy ividAwrQIAW leI hI lwhyvµdI nhIN hovygI sgoN ieh ies Kyqr ivc AgyrI Koj krn vwly KojwrQIAW leI vI rwhdrswvw hovygI[ cµgw hovygw jy fw· hrijµdr vwlIAw vrgw ivdvwn smkwlI pµjwbI swihqk p`qrkwrI bwry vI ilKy[